Basic Irish Letters: Difference between revisions

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The Proffessor (talk | contribs)
Linguists, Project_Editors, Project_Managers, Technicians, Users, Bureaucrats, checkuser, forumadmin, oversight, smwadministrator, smwcurator, staff, Administrators, uploadaccess, Widget editors
172 edits
No edit summary
Line 14: Line 14:
! style="width:100pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:100pt;" | Phonetic Example
|-
|-
| a || /a/ || AA ||<AudioButton></AudioButton>|| f<u>'''a'''</u>ther, sp<u>'''a'''</u>
| a || /a/ || AA || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || f<u>'''a'''</u>ther, sp<u>'''a'''</u>
|-
|-
| á || /ɑ:/ || AO || c<u>'''a'''</u>ll, f<u>'''a'''</u>r
| á || /ɑ:/ || AO || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || c<u>'''a'''</u>ll, f<u>'''a'''</u>r
|-
|-
| e || /ɛ/ || EH || t<u>'''e'''</u>ll, g<u>'''e'''</u>t
| e || /ɛ/ || EH || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || t<u>'''e'''</u>ll, g<u>'''e'''</u>t
|-
|-
| é || /e:/ || EY || b<u>'''ai'''</u>t, p<u>'''a'''</u>y
| é || /e:/ || EY || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || b<u>'''ai'''</u>t, p<u>'''a'''</u>y
|-
|-
| i || /ɪ/ || IH || <u>'''i'''</u>n, h<u>'''i'''</u>t
| i || /ɪ/ || IH || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || <u>'''i'''</u>n, h<u>'''i'''</u>t
|-
|-
| í || /i:/ || IY || tr<u>'''ee'''</u>, m<u>'''ea'''</u>n, h<u>'''e'''</u>
| í || /i:/ || IY || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || tr<u>'''ee'''</u>, m<u>'''ea'''</u>n, h<u>'''e'''</u>
|-
|-
| o || /ɔ/ || AH || t<u>'''u'''</u>g, w<u>'''o'''</u>nder
| o || /ɔ/ || AH || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || t<u>'''u'''</u>g, w<u>'''o'''</u>nder
|-
|-
| ó || /o:/ || OW || r<u>'''o'''</u>ll, t<u>'''o'''</u>e, r<u>'''o'''</u>ad
| ó || /o:/ || OW || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || r<u>'''o'''</u>ll, t<u>'''o'''</u>e, r<u>'''o'''</u>ad
|-
|-
| u || /ʌ/ || UH || g<u>'''oo'''</u>d, p<u>'''u'''</u>ll
| u || /ʌ/ || UH || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || g<u>'''oo'''</u>d, p<u>'''u'''</u>ll
|-
|-
| ú || /u:/ || UW || t<u>'''oo'''</u>, r<u>'''u'''</u>de
| ú || /u:/ || UW || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || t<u>'''oo'''</u>, r<u>'''u'''</u>de
|}
|}


Line 43: Line 43:
! style="width:25pt;" | IPA
! style="width:25pt;" | IPA
! style="width:80pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:80pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:5pt;" | EX
! style="width:100pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:100pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:200pt;" | Notes
! style="width:200pt;" | Notes
|-
|-
| b || /bˠ/ || B || <u>'''b'''</u>room, <u>'''b'''</u>oy
| b || /bˠ/ || B || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || <u>'''b'''</u>room, <u>'''b'''</u>oy
|-
|-
| c || /k/ || K || <u>'''c'''</u>ut, <u>'''k'''</u>ey
| c || /k/ || K || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || <u>'''c'''</u>ut, <u>'''k'''</u>ey
|-
|-
| d || /d̪ˠ/ || D || <u>'''d'''</u>o, un<u>'''d'''</u>er
| d || /d̪ˠ/ || D || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || <u>'''d'''</u>o, un<u>'''d'''</u>er
|-
|-
| f || /fˠ/ || ?? || ??
| f || /fˠ/ || ?? || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || ??
|-
|-
| g || /ɡ/ || G || <u>'''g'''</u>oo, e<u>'''gg'''</u>
| g || /ɡ/ || G || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || <u>'''g'''</u>oo, e<u>'''gg'''</u>
|-
|-
| h || /h/ || HH || <u>'''h'''</u>oney, <u>'''h'''</u>ello || Neither broad nor slender
| h || /h/ || HH || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || <u>'''h'''</u>oney, <u>'''h'''</u>ello || Neither broad nor slender
|-
|-
| l || /l/; also frequently /l̪ˠ/ || ?? || ??
| l || /l/; also frequently /l̪ˠ/ || ?? || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || ??
|-
|-
| ll || /l̪ˠ/ || ?? || ??
| ll || /l̪ˠ/ || ?? || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || ??
|-
|-
| m || /mˠ/ || M || <u>'''m'''</u>oo, wo<u>'''m'''</u>an
| m || /mˠ/ || M || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || <u>'''m'''</u>oo, wo<u>'''m'''</u>an
|-
|-
| n || /nˠ/; also frequently /n̪ˠ/ || N || <u>'''n'''</u>ot, u<u>'''n'''</u>der
| n || /nˠ/; also frequently /n̪ˠ/ || N || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || <u>'''n'''</u>ot, u<u>'''n'''</u>der
|-
|-
| p || /pˠ/ || ?? || ??
| p || /pˠ/ || ?? || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || ??
|-
|-
| r || /ɾˠ/ || ?? || ?? || always broad word-initially; always broad in rd, rl, rn, rr, rs, rt, rth, sr
| r || /ɾˠ/ || ?? || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || ?? || always broad word-initially; always broad in rd, rl, rn, rr, rs, rt, rth, sr
|-
|-
| s || /sˠ/ || ?? || ??
| s || /sˠ/ || ?? || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || ??
|-
|-
| t || /t̪ˠ/ || ?? || ??
| t || /t̪ˠ/ || ?? || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || ??
|-
|-
| v || /w/~/vˠ/ || ?? || ?? || loan consonant
| v || /w/~/vˠ/ || ?? || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || ?? || loan consonant
|-
|-
| z || /zˠ/ || ?? || ?? || loan consonant
| z || /zˠ/ || ?? || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || ?? || loan consonant
|}
|}


Line 87: Line 88:
! style="width:25pt;" | IPA
! style="width:25pt;" | IPA
! style="width:80pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:80pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:5pt;" | EX
! style="width:100pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:100pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:200pt;" | Notes
! style="width:200pt;" | Notes
|-
|-
| b || /bʲ/ || ?? || ??
| b || /bʲ/ || ?? || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || ??
|-
|-
| c || /c/ || ?? || ??
| c || /c/ || ?? || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || ??
|-
|-
| d || /dʑ/ || JH || fi<u>'''dg'''</u>et, fri<u>'''dg'''</u>e || /dʲ/ in other dialects
| d || /dʑ/ || JH || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || fi<u>'''dg'''</u>et, fri<u>'''dg'''</u>e || /dʲ/ in other dialects
|-
|-
| f || /fʲ/ || ?? || ??
| f || /fʲ/ || ?? || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || ??
|-
|-
| g || /ɟ/ || ?? || ??
| g || /ɟ/ || ?? || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || ??
|-
|-
| h || /h/ || HH || <u>'''h'''</u>oney, <u>'''h'''</u>ello || Neither broad nor slender
| h || /h/ || HH || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || <u>'''h'''</u>oney, <u>'''h'''</u>ello || Neither broad nor slender
|-
|-
| l || /lʲ/ || ?? || mi<u>'''lli'''</u>on, wi<u>'''ll y'''</u>ou
| l || /lʲ/ || ?? || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || mi<u>'''lli'''</u>on, wi<u>'''ll y'''</u>ou
|-
|-
| ll || /l̪ʲ/; also frequently /lʲ/ || ?? || ??
| ll || /l̪ʲ/; also frequently /lʲ/ || ?? || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || ??
|-
|-
| m || /mʲ/ || ?? || ??
| m || /mʲ/ || ?? || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || ??
|-
|-
| n || /nʲ/ || N Y || si<u>'''ne'''</u>w, mi<u>'''ni'''</u>on
| n || /nʲ/ || N Y || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || si<u>'''ne'''</u>w, mi<u>'''ni'''</u>on
|-
|-
| p || /pʲ/ || ?? || ??
| p || /pʲ/ || ?? || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || ??
|-
|-
| r || /ɾʲ/ || ?? || ?? || always broad word-initially; always broad in rd, rl, rn, rr, rs, rt, rth, sr
| r || /ɾʲ/ || ?? || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || ?? || always broad word-initially; always broad in rd, rl, rn, rr, rs, rt, rth, sr
|-
|-
| s || /ɕ/ || SH || <u>'''s'''</u>ip, wi<u>'''sh'''</u> || /ʃ/ in other dialects
| s || /ɕ/ || SH || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || <u>'''s'''</u>ip, wi<u>'''sh'''</u> || /ʃ/ in other dialects
|-
|-
| t || /tʲ/ || ?? || ??
| t || /tʲ/ || ?? || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || ??
|-
|-
| v || /vʲ/ || ?? || ?? || loan consonant
| v || /vʲ/ || ?? || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || ?? || loan consonant
|-
|-
| z || /ʑ/ || ZH || vi<u>'''si'''</u>on || loan consonant; /ʒ/ in other dialects
| z || /ʑ/ || ZH || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || vi<u>'''si'''</u>on || loan consonant; /ʒ/ in other dialects
|}
|}


Line 131: Line 133:
! style="width:25pt;" | IPA
! style="width:25pt;" | IPA
! style="width:80pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:80pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:5pt;" | EX
! style="width:100pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:100pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:200pt;" | Notes
! style="width:200pt;" | Notes
|-
|-
| bh || /w/ || W || <u>'''w'''</u>ow, to<u>'''w'''</u>er
| bh || /w/ || W || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || <u>'''w'''</u>ow, to<u>'''w'''</u>er
|-
|-
| ch || /x/ || ?? || lo<u>'''ch'''</u> (Scottish), Na<u>'''ch'''</u>t (German)
| ch || /x/ || ?? || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || lo<u>'''ch'''</u> (Scottish), Na<u>'''ch'''</u>t (German)
|-
|-
| dh || /ɣ/ word-initially; silent after a long vowel || — || (no equivalent)
| dh || /ɣ/ word-initially; silent after a long vowel || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || — || (no equivalent)
|-
|-
| fh || silent || <SIL> || (silent)
| fh || silent || <SIL> || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || (silent)
|-
|-
| gh || /ɣ/ word-initially; silent after a long vowel || — || (no equivalent)
| gh || /ɣ/ word-initially; silent after a long vowel || — || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || (no equivalent)
|-
|-
| mh || /w/ || W || <u>'''w'''</u>ow, to<u>'''w'''</u>er
| mh || /w/ || W || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || <u>'''w'''</u>ow, to<u>'''w'''</u>er
|-
|-
| ph || /fˠ/ || F || <u>'''f'''</u>ollow, tele<u>'''ph'''</u>one
| ph || /fˠ/ || F || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || <u>'''f'''</u>ollow, tele<u>'''ph'''</u>one
|-
|-
| sh || /h/ || HH || <u>'''h'''</u>oney, <u>'''h'''</u>ello
| sh || /h/ || HH || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || <u>'''h'''</u>oney, <u>'''h'''</u>ello
|-
|-
| th || /h/ || HH || <u>'''h'''</u>oney, <u>'''h'''</u>ello || Silent if at the end of a syllable
| th || /h/ || HH || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || <u>'''h'''</u>oney, <u>'''h'''</u>ello || Silent if at the end of a syllable
|}
|}


Line 161: Line 164:
! style="width:25pt;" | IPA
! style="width:25pt;" | IPA
! style="width:80pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:80pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:5pt;" | EX
! style="width:100pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:100pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:200pt;" | Notes
! style="width:200pt;" | Notes
|-
|-
| bh || /vʲ/ || V || <u>'''v'''</u>illage, e<u>'''v'''</u>e
| bh || /vʲ/ || V || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || <u>'''v'''</u>illage, e<u>'''v'''</u>e
|-
|-
| ch || /ç/; /h/ between vowels || ?? || <u>'''h'''</u>ue (pronounced strongly); ??
| ch || /ç/; /h/ between vowels || ?? || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || <u>'''h'''</u>ue (pronounced strongly); ??
|-
|-
| dh || /ʝ/ || Y || <u>'''y'''</u>ell, e<u>'''y'''</u>e?
| dh || /ʝ/ || Y || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || <u>'''y'''</u>ell, e<u>'''y'''</u>e?
|-
|-
| fh || silent || <SIL> || (silent)
| fh || silent || <SIL> || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || (silent)
|-
|-
| gh || /ʝ/ || Y || <u>'''y'''</u>ell, e<u>'''y'''</u>e?
| gh || /ʝ/ || Y || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || <u>'''y'''</u>ell, e<u>'''y'''</u>e?
|-
|-
| mh || /vʲ/ || V || <u>'''v'''</u>illage, e<u>'''v'''</u>e
| mh || /vʲ/ || V || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || <u>'''v'''</u>illage, e<u>'''v'''</u>e
|-
|-
| ph || /fʲ/ || ?? || ??
| ph || /fʲ/ || ?? || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || ??
|-
|-
| sh || /h/ || HH || <u>'''h'''</u>oney, <u>'''h'''</u>ello
| sh || /h/ || HH || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || <u>'''h'''</u>oney, <u>'''h'''</u>ello
|-
|-
| th || /h/ || HH || <u>'''h'''</u>oney, <u>'''h'''</u>ello || Silent if at the end of a syllable
| th || /h/ || HH || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || <u>'''h'''</u>oney, <u>'''h'''</u>ello || Silent if at the end of a syllable
|}
|}


Line 193: Line 197:
! style="width:25pt;" | IPA
! style="width:25pt;" | IPA
! style="width:80pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:80pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:5pt;" | EX
! style="width:100pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:100pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:200pt;" | Notes
! style="width:200pt;" | Notes
|-
|-
| bhf || bh || f || /w/ || W || <u>'''w'''</u>ow, to<u>'''w'''</u>er
| bhf || bh || f || /w/ || W || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || <u>'''w'''</u>ow, to<u>'''w'''</u>er
|-
|-
| bp || b || p || /bˠ/ || B || <u>'''b'''</u>room, <u>'''b'''</u>oy
| bp || b || p || /bˠ/ || B || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || <u>'''b'''</u>room, <u>'''b'''</u>oy
|-
|-
| dt || d || t || /d̪ˠ/ || D || <u>'''d'''</u>o, un<u>'''d'''</u>er
| dt || d || t || /d̪ˠ/ || D || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || <u>'''d'''</u>o, un<u>'''d'''</u>er
|-
|-
| gc || g || c || /ɡ/ || G || <u>'''g'''</u>oo, e<u>'''gg'''</u>
| gc || g || c || /ɡ/ || G || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || <u>'''g'''</u>oo, e<u>'''gg'''</u>
|-
|-
| mb || m || b || /mˠ/ || M || <u>'''m'''</u>oo, wo<u>'''m'''</u>an
| mb || m || b || /mˠ/ || M || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || <u>'''m'''</u>oo, wo<u>'''m'''</u>an
|-
|-
| nd || n || d || /nˠ/; also frequently /n̪ˠ/ || N || <u>'''n'''</u>ot, u<u>'''n'''</u>der
| nd || n || d || /nˠ/; also frequently /n̪ˠ/ || N || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || <u>'''n'''</u>ot, u<u>'''n'''</u>der
|-
|-
| ng || n || g || /ŋ/ || NG || wi<u>'''ng'''</u>, thi<u>'''ng'''</u>
| ng || n || g || /ŋ/ || NG || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || wi<u>'''ng'''</u>, thi<u>'''ng'''</u>
|}
|}


Line 221: Line 226:
! style="width:25pt;" | IPA
! style="width:25pt;" | IPA
! style="width:80pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:80pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:5pt;" | EX
! style="width:100pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:100pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:200pt;" | Notes
! style="width:200pt;" | Notes
|-
|-
| bhf || bh || f || /vʲ/ || V || <u>'''v'''</u>illage, e<u>'''v'''</u>e
| bhf || bh || f || /vʲ/ || V || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || <u>'''v'''</u>illage, e<u>'''v'''</u>e
|-
|-
| bp || b || p || /bʲ/ || ?? || ??
| bp || b || p || /bʲ/ || ?? || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || ??
|-
|-
| dt || d || t || /dʑ/ || JH || fi<u>'''dg'''</u>et, fri<u>'''dg'''</u>e || /dʲ/ in other dialects
| dt || d || t || /dʑ/ || JH || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || fi<u>'''dg'''</u>et, fri<u>'''dg'''</u>e || /dʲ/ in other dialects
|-
|-
| gc || g || c || /ɟ/ || ?? || ??
| gc || g || c || /ɟ/ || ?? || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || ??
|-
|-
| mb || m || b ||  /mʲ/  || ?? || ??
| mb || m || b ||  /mʲ/  || ?? || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || ??
|-
|-
| nd || n || d || /nʲ/ || N Y || si<u>'''ne'''</u>w, mi<u>'''ni'''</u>on
| nd || n || d || /nʲ/ || N Y || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || si<u>'''ne'''</u>w, mi<u>'''ni'''</u>on
|-
|-
| ng || n || g || /ŋ/ || NG || wi<u>'''ng'''</u>, thi<u>'''ng'''</u>
| ng || n || g || /ŋ/ || NG || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || wi<u>'''ng'''</u>, thi<u>'''ng'''</u>
|}
|}

Revision as of 06:49, 25 June 2018



Vowels
Letter IPA Valve Phoneme EX Phonetic Example
a /a/ AA <AudioButton></AudioButton> father, spa
á /ɑ:/ AO <AudioButton></AudioButton> call, far
e /ɛ/ EH <AudioButton></AudioButton> tell, get
é /e:/ EY <AudioButton></AudioButton> bait, pay
i /ɪ/ IH <AudioButton></AudioButton> in, hit
í /i:/ IY <AudioButton></AudioButton> tree, mean, he
o /ɔ/ AH <AudioButton></AudioButton> tug, wonder
ó /o:/ OW <AudioButton></AudioButton> roll, toe, road
u /ʌ/ UH <AudioButton></AudioButton> good, pull
ú /u:/ UW <AudioButton></AudioButton> too, rude


Broad Consonants
Letter IPA Valve Phoneme EX Phonetic Example Notes
b /bˠ/ B <AudioButton></AudioButton> broom, boy
c /k/ K <AudioButton></AudioButton> cut, key
d /d̪ˠ/ D <AudioButton></AudioButton> do, under
f /fˠ/ ?? <AudioButton></AudioButton> ??
g /ɡ/ G <AudioButton></AudioButton> goo, egg
h /h/ HH <AudioButton></AudioButton> honey, hello Neither broad nor slender
l /l/; also frequently /l̪ˠ/ ?? <AudioButton></AudioButton> ??
ll /l̪ˠ/ ?? <AudioButton></AudioButton> ??
m /mˠ/ M <AudioButton></AudioButton> moo, woman
n /nˠ/; also frequently /n̪ˠ/ N <AudioButton></AudioButton> not, under
p /pˠ/ ?? <AudioButton></AudioButton> ??
r /ɾˠ/ ?? <AudioButton></AudioButton> ?? always broad word-initially; always broad in rd, rl, rn, rr, rs, rt, rth, sr
s /sˠ/ ?? <AudioButton></AudioButton> ??
t /t̪ˠ/ ?? <AudioButton></AudioButton> ??
v /w/~/vˠ/ ?? <AudioButton></AudioButton> ?? loan consonant
z /zˠ/ ?? <AudioButton></AudioButton> ?? loan consonant


Slender Consonants
Letter IPA Valve Phoneme EX Phonetic Example Notes
b /bʲ/ ?? <AudioButton></AudioButton> ??
c /c/ ?? <AudioButton></AudioButton> ??
d /dʑ/ JH <AudioButton></AudioButton> fidget, fridge /dʲ/ in other dialects
f /fʲ/ ?? <AudioButton></AudioButton> ??
g /ɟ/ ?? <AudioButton></AudioButton> ??
h /h/ HH <AudioButton></AudioButton> honey, hello Neither broad nor slender
l /lʲ/ ?? <AudioButton></AudioButton> million, will you
ll /l̪ʲ/; also frequently /lʲ/ ?? <AudioButton></AudioButton> ??
m /mʲ/ ?? <AudioButton></AudioButton> ??
n /nʲ/ N Y <AudioButton></AudioButton> sinew, minion
p /pʲ/ ?? <AudioButton></AudioButton> ??
r /ɾʲ/ ?? <AudioButton></AudioButton> ?? always broad word-initially; always broad in rd, rl, rn, rr, rs, rt, rth, sr
s /ɕ/ SH <AudioButton></AudioButton> sip, wish /ʃ/ in other dialects
t /tʲ/ ?? <AudioButton></AudioButton> ??
v /vʲ/ ?? <AudioButton></AudioButton> ?? loan consonant
z /ʑ/ ZH <AudioButton></AudioButton> vision loan consonant; /ʒ/ in other dialects


Lenited Broad Consonants
Letter IPA Valve Phoneme EX Phonetic Example Notes
bh /w/ W <AudioButton></AudioButton> wow, tower
ch /x/ ?? <AudioButton></AudioButton> loch (Scottish), Nacht (German)
dh /ɣ/ word-initially; silent after a long vowel <AudioButton></AudioButton> — (no equivalent)
fh silent <SIL> <AudioButton></AudioButton> (silent)
gh /ɣ/ word-initially; silent after a long vowel — <AudioButton></AudioButton> (no equivalent)
mh /w/ W <AudioButton></AudioButton> wow, tower
ph /fˠ/ F <AudioButton></AudioButton> follow, telephone
sh /h/ HH <AudioButton></AudioButton> honey, hello
th /h/ HH <AudioButton></AudioButton> honey, hello Silent if at the end of a syllable


Lenited Slender Consonants
Letter IPA Valve Phoneme EX Phonetic Example Notes
bh /vʲ/ V <AudioButton></AudioButton> village, eve
ch /ç/; /h/ between vowels ?? <AudioButton></AudioButton> hue (pronounced strongly); ??
dh /ʝ/ Y <AudioButton></AudioButton> yell, eye?
fh silent <SIL> <AudioButton></AudioButton> (silent)
gh /ʝ/ Y <AudioButton></AudioButton> yell, eye?
mh /vʲ/ V <AudioButton></AudioButton> village, eve
ph /fʲ/ ?? <AudioButton></AudioButton> ??
sh /h/ HH <AudioButton></AudioButton> honey, hello
th /h/ HH <AudioButton></AudioButton> honey, hello Silent if at the end of a syllable


Eclipsed Broad Consonants
Letter Additive Original IPA Valve Phoneme EX Phonetic Example Notes
bhf bh f /w/ W <AudioButton></AudioButton> wow, tower
bp b p /bˠ/ B <AudioButton></AudioButton> broom, boy
dt d t /d̪ˠ/ D <AudioButton></AudioButton> do, under
gc g c /ɡ/ G <AudioButton></AudioButton> goo, egg
mb m b /mˠ/ M <AudioButton></AudioButton> moo, woman
nd n d /nˠ/; also frequently /n̪ˠ/ N <AudioButton></AudioButton> not, under
ng n g /ŋ/ NG <AudioButton></AudioButton> wing, thing


Eclipsed Slender Consonants
Letter Additive Original IPA Valve Phoneme EX Phonetic Example Notes
bhf bh f /vʲ/ V <AudioButton></AudioButton> village, eve
bp b p /bʲ/ ?? <AudioButton></AudioButton> ??
dt d t /dʑ/ JH <AudioButton></AudioButton> fidget, fridge /dʲ/ in other dialects
gc g c /ɟ/ ?? <AudioButton></AudioButton> ??
mb m b /mʲ/ ?? <AudioButton></AudioButton> ??
nd n d /nʲ/ N Y <AudioButton></AudioButton> sinew, minion
ng n g /ŋ/ NG <AudioButton></AudioButton> wing, thing
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