Basic Irish Letters: Difference between revisions

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The Proffessor (talk | contribs)
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Line 93: Line 93:
| c || /c/ || ?? || ??
| c || /c/ || ?? || ??
|-
|-
| d || /dʑ/ || ?? || ?? || /dʲ/ in other dialects
| d || /dʑ/ || JH || fi<u>'''dg'''</u>et, fri<u>'''dg'''</u>e || /dʲ/ in other dialects
|-
|-
| f || /fʲ/ || ?? || ??
| f || /fʲ/ || ?? || ??
Line 113: Line 113:
| r || /ɾʲ/ || ?? || ?? || always broad word-initially; always broad in rd, rl, rn, rr, rs, rt, rth, sr
| r || /ɾʲ/ || ?? || ?? || always broad word-initially; always broad in rd, rl, rn, rr, rs, rt, rth, sr
|-
|-
| s || /ɕ/ || ?? || ?? || /ʃ/ in other dialects
| s || /ɕ/ || SH || <u>'''s'''</u>ip, wi<u>'''sh'''</u> || /ʃ/ in other dialects
|-
|-
| t || /tʲ/ || ?? || ??
| t || /tʲ/ || ?? || ??
Line 119: Line 119:
| v || /vʲ/ || ?? || ?? || loan consonant
| v || /vʲ/ || ?? || ?? || loan consonant
|-
|-
| z || /ʑ/ || ?? || ?? || loan consonant; /ʒ/ in other dialects
| z || /ʑ/ || ZH || vi<u>'''si'''</u>on || loan consonant; /ʒ/ in other dialects
|}
|}


Line 227: Line 227:
| bp || b || p || /bʲ/ || ?? || ??
| bp || b || p || /bʲ/ || ?? || ??
|-
|-
| dt || d || t || /dʑ/ || ?? || ?? || /dʲ/ in other dialects
| dt || d || t || /dʑ/ || JH || fi<u>'''dg'''</u>et, fri<u>'''dg'''</u>e || /dʲ/ in other dialects
|-
|-
| gc || g || c || /ɟ/ || ?? || ??
| gc || g || c || /ɟ/ || ?? || ??

Revision as of 08:38, 20 June 2018



Vowels
Letter IPA Valve Phoneme Phonetic Example
a /a/ AA father, spa
á /ɑ:/ AO call, far
e /ɛ/ EH tell, get
é /e:/ EY bait, pay
i /ɪ/ IH in, hit
í /i:/ IY tree, mean, he
o /ɔ/ AH tug, wonder
ó /o:/ OW roll, toe, road
u /ʌ/ UH good, pull
ú /u:/ UW too, rude


Broad Consonants
Letter IPA Valve Phoneme Phonetic Example Notes
b /bˠ/ B broom, boy
c /k/ K cut, key
d /d̪ˠ/ D do, under
f /fˠ/ ?? ??
g /ɡ/ G goo, egg
h /h/ HH honey, hello Neither broad nor slender
l /l/; also frequently /l̪ˠ/ ?? ??
ll /l̪ˠ/ ?? ??
m /mˠ/ M moo, woman
n /nˠ/; also frequently /n̪ˠ/ N not, under
p /pˠ/ ?? ??
r /ɾˠ/ ?? ?? always broad word-initially; always broad in rd, rl, rn, rr, rs, rt, rth, sr
s /sˠ/ ?? ??
t /t̪ˠ/ ?? ??
v /w/~/vˠ/ ?? ?? loan consonant
z /zˠ/ ?? ?? loan consonant


Slender Consonants
Letter IPA Valve Phoneme Phonetic Example Notes
b /bʲ/ ?? ??
c /c/ ?? ??
d /dʑ/ JH fidget, fridge /dʲ/ in other dialects
f /fʲ/ ?? ??
g /ɟ/ ?? ??
h /h/ HH honey, hello Neither broad nor slender
l /lʲ/ ?? million, will you
ll /l̪ʲ/; also frequently /lʲ/ ?? ??
m /mʲ/ ?? ??
n /nʲ/ N Y sinew, minion
p /pʲ/ ?? ??
r /ɾʲ/ ?? ?? always broad word-initially; always broad in rd, rl, rn, rr, rs, rt, rth, sr
s /ɕ/ SH sip, wish /ʃ/ in other dialects
t /tʲ/ ?? ??
v /vʲ/ ?? ?? loan consonant
z /ʑ/ ZH vision loan consonant; /ʒ/ in other dialects


Lenited Broad Consonants
Letter IPA Valve Phoneme Phonetic Example Notes
bh /w/ W wow, tower
ch /x/ ?? loch (Scottish), Nacht (German)
dh /ɣ/ word-initially; silent after a long vowel — (no equivalent)
fh silent <SIL> (silent)
gh /ɣ/ word-initially; silent after a long vowel — (no equivalent)
mh /w/ W wow, tower
ph /fˠ/ F follow, telephone
sh /h/ HH honey, hello
th /h/ HH honey, hello Silent if at the end of a syllable


Lenited Slender Consonants
Letter IPA Valve Phoneme Phonetic Example Notes
bh /vʲ/ V village, eve
ch /ç/; /h/ between vowels ?? hue (pronounced strongly); ??
dh /ʝ/ Y yell, eye?
fh silent <SIL> (silent)
gh /ʝ/ Y yell, eye?
mh /vʲ/ V village, eve
ph /fʲ/ ?? ??
sh /h/ HH honey, hello
th /h/ HH honey, hello Silent if at the end of a syllable


Eclipsed Broad Consonants
Letter Additive Original IPA Valve Phoneme Phonetic Example Notes
bhf bh f /w/ W wow, tower
bp b p /bˠ/ B broom, boy
dt d t /d̪ˠ/ D do, under
gc g c /ɡ/ G goo, egg
mb m b /mˠ/ M moo, woman
nd n d /nˠ/; also frequently /n̪ˠ/ N not, under
ng n g /ŋ/ NG wing, thing


Eclipsed Slender Consonants
Letter Additive Original IPA Valve Phoneme Phonetic Example Notes
bhf bh f /vʲ/ V village, eve
bp b p /bʲ/ ?? ??
dt d t /dʑ/ JH fidget, fridge /dʲ/ in other dialects
gc g c /ɟ/ ?? ??
mb m b /mʲ/ ?? ??
nd n d /nʲ/ N Y sinew, minion
ng n g /ŋ/ NG wing, thing
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