Basic Irish Letters: Difference between revisions

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| ch || /x/ || ?? || lo<u>'''ch'''</u> (Scottish), Na<u>'''ch'''</u>t (German)
| ch || /x/ || ?? || lo<u>'''ch'''</u> (Scottish), Na<u>'''ch'''</u>t (German)
|-
|-
| dh || /ɣ/ word-initially; silent after a long vowel || ?? || (no equivalent)
| dh || /ɣ/ word-initially; silent after a long vowel || — || (no equivalent)
|-
|-
| fh || silent || <SIL> || (silent)
| fh || silent || <SIL> || (silent)
|-
|-
| gh || /ɣ/ word-initially; silent after a long vowel || ?? || (no equivalent)
| gh || /ɣ/ word-initially; silent after a long vowel || — || (no equivalent)
|-
|-
| mh || /w/ || W || <u>'''w'''</u>ow, to<u>'''w'''</u>er
| mh || /w/ || W || <u>'''w'''</u>ow, to<u>'''w'''</u>er
Line 180: Line 180:
|-
|-
| th || /h/ || HH || <u>'''h'''</u>oney, <u>'''h'''</u>ello || Silent if at the end of a syllable
| th || /h/ || HH || <u>'''h'''</u>oney, <u>'''h'''</u>ello || Silent if at the end of a syllable
|}
{|class="prettytable" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"
|-
! colspan="7" | Eclipsed Broad Consonants
|-
! style="width:25pt;" | Letter
! style="width:25pt;" | Additive
! style="width:25pt;" | Original
! style="width:25pt;" | IPA
! style="width:80pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:100pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:200pt;" | Notes
|-
| bhf || bh || f || /w/ || W || <u>'''w'''</u>ow, to<u>'''w'''</u>er
|-
| bp || b || p || /bˠ/ || B || <u>'''b'''</u>room, <u>'''b'''</u>oy
|-
| dt || d || t || /d̪ˠ/ || D || <u>'''d'''</u>o, un<u>'''d'''</u>er
|-
| gc || g || c || /ɡ/ || G || <u>'''g'''</u>oo, e<u>'''gg'''</u>
|-
| mb || m || b || /mˠ/ || M || <u>'''m'''</u>oo, wo<u>'''m'''</u>an
|-
| nd || n || d || /nˠ/; also frequently /n̪ˠ/ || N || <u>'''n'''</u>ot, u<u>'''n'''</u>der
|-
| ng || n || g || /ŋ/ || NG || wi<u>'''ng'''</u>, thi<u>'''ng'''</u>
|}
{|class="prettytable" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"
|-
! colspan="7" | Eclipsed Slender Consonants
|-
! style="width:25pt;" | Letter
! style="width:25pt;" | Additive
! style="width:25pt;" | Original
! style="width:25pt;" | IPA
! style="width:80pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:100pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:200pt;" | Notes
|-
| bhf || bh || f || /vʲ/ || V || <u>'''v'''</u>illage, e<u>'''v'''</u>e
|-
| bp || b || p || /bʲ/ || ?? || ??
|-
| dt || d || t || /dʑ/ || ?? || ?? || /dʲ/ in other dialects
|-
| gc || g || c || /ɟ/ || ?? || ??
|-
| mb || m || b ||  /mʲ/  || ?? || ??
|-
| nd || n || d || /nʲ/ || N Y || si<u>'''ne'''</u>w, mi<u>'''ni'''</u>on
|-
| ng || n || g || /ŋ/ || NG || wi<u>'''ng'''</u>, thi<u>'''ng'''</u>
|}
|}

Revision as of 08:20, 20 June 2018



Vowels
Letter IPA Valve Phoneme Phonetic Example
a /a/ AA father, spa
á /ɑ:/ AO call, far
e /ɛ/ EH tell, get
é /e:/ EY bait, pay
i /ɪ/ IH in, hit
í /i:/ IY tree, mean, he
o /ɔ/ AH tug, wonder
ó /o:/ OW roll, toe, road
u /ʌ/ UH good, pull
ú /u:/ UW too, rude


Broad Consonants
Letter IPA Valve Phoneme Phonetic Example Notes
b /bˠ/ B broom, boy
c /k/ K cut, key
d /d̪ˠ/ D do, under
f /fˠ/ ?? ??
g /ɡ/ G goo, egg
h /h/ HH honey, hello Neither broad nor slender
l /l/; also frequently /l̪ˠ/ ?? ??
ll /l̪ˠ/ ?? ??
m /mˠ/ M moo, woman
n /nˠ/; also frequently /n̪ˠ/ N not, under
p /pˠ/ ?? ??
r /ɾˠ/ ?? ?? always broad word-initially; always broad in rd, rl, rn, rr, rs, rt, rth, sr
s /sˠ/ ?? ??
t /t̪ˠ/ ?? ??
v /w/~/vˠ/ ?? ?? loan consonant
z /zˠ/ ?? ?? loan consonant


Slender Consonants
Letter IPA Valve Phoneme Phonetic Example Notes
b /bʲ/ ?? ??
c /c/ ?? ??
d /dʑ/ ?? ?? /dʲ/ in other dialects
f /fʲ/ ?? ??
g /ɟ/ ?? ??
h /h/ HH honey, hello Neither broad nor slender
l /lʲ/ ?? million, will you
ll /l̪ʲ/; also frequently /lʲ/ ?? ??
m /mʲ/ ?? ??
n /nʲ/ N Y sinew, minion
p /pʲ/ ?? ??
r /ɾʲ/ ?? ?? always broad word-initially; always broad in rd, rl, rn, rr, rs, rt, rth, sr
s /ɕ/ ?? ?? /ʃ/ in other dialects
t /tʲ/ ?? ??
v /vʲ/ ?? ?? loan consonant
z /ʑ/ ?? ?? loan consonant; /ʒ/ in other dialects


Lenited Broad Consonants
Letter IPA Valve Phoneme Phonetic Example Notes
bh /w/ W wow, tower
ch /x/ ?? loch (Scottish), Nacht (German)
dh /ɣ/ word-initially; silent after a long vowel — (no equivalent)
fh silent <SIL> (silent)
gh /ɣ/ word-initially; silent after a long vowel — (no equivalent)
mh /w/ W wow, tower
ph /fˠ/ F follow, telephone
sh /h/ HH honey, hello
th /h/ HH honey, hello Silent if at the end of a syllable


Lenited Slender Consonants
Letter IPA Valve Phoneme Phonetic Example Notes
bh /vʲ/ V village, eve
ch /ç/; /h/ between vowels ?? hue (pronounced strongly); ??
dh /ʝ/ Y yell, eye?
fh silent <SIL> (silent)
gh /ʝ/ Y yell, eye?
mh /vʲ/ V village, eve
ph /fʲ/ ?? ??
sh /h/ HH honey, hello
th /h/ HH honey, hello Silent if at the end of a syllable


Eclipsed Broad Consonants
Letter Additive Original IPA Valve Phoneme Phonetic Example Notes
bhf bh f /w/ W wow, tower
bp b p /bˠ/ B broom, boy
dt d t /d̪ˠ/ D do, under
gc g c /ɡ/ G goo, egg
mb m b /mˠ/ M moo, woman
nd n d /nˠ/; also frequently /n̪ˠ/ N not, under
ng n g /ŋ/ NG wing, thing


Eclipsed Slender Consonants
Letter Additive Original IPA Valve Phoneme Phonetic Example Notes
bhf bh f /vʲ/ V village, eve
bp b p /bʲ/ ?? ??
dt d t /dʑ/ ?? ?? /dʲ/ in other dialects
gc g c /ɟ/ ?? ??
mb m b /mʲ/ ?? ??
nd n d /nʲ/ N Y sinew, minion
ng n g /ŋ/ NG wing, thing
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