|-
| {{#if: {{{Word|}}} | {{{Word}}} | (Placeholder) }} || {{#if: {{{IPA|}}} | {{{IPA}}} | ?? }} || {{#if: {{{Valve|}}} | {{{Valve}}} | ?? }} || <AudioButton>{{#if: {{{EXFilename|}}} | {{{EXFilename}}} | X }}.mp3</AudioButton> || {{#if: {{{PhoneticEX|}}} | {{{PhoneticEX}}} | ?? }} || {{#if: {{{Notes|}}} | {{{Notes}}} |}}
<noinclude>
=Usage=
<pre>
{{PronounceDBListItem
|Word = Word to pronounce
|IPA = IPA Transcription
|Valve = Valve Phoneme Transcription
|EXFilename = Filename for audio example, ".mp3" excluded
|PhoneticEX = Phonetic Example
|Notes = Any additional notes
}}</pre>
</noinclude>

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|-
| {{#if: {{{Word|}}} | {{{Word}}} | (Placeholder) }} || {{#if: {{{IPA|}}} | {{{IPA}}} | ?? }} || {{#if: {{{Valve|}}} | {{{Valve}}} | ?? }} || <AudioButton>{{#if: {{{EXFilename|}}} | {{{EXFilename}}} | X }}.mp3</AudioButton> || {{#if: {{{PhoneticEX|}}} | {{{PhoneticEX}}} | ?? }} || {{#if: {{{Notes|}}} | {{{Notes}}} |}}
<noinclude>
=Usage=
<pre>
{{PronounceDBListItem
|Word = Word to pronounce
|IPA = IPA Transcription
|Valve = Valve Phoneme Transcription
|EXFilename = Filename for audio example, ".mp3" excluded
|PhoneticEX = Phonetic Example
|Notes = Any additional notes
}}</pre>
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| {{#if: {{{Word|}}} | {{{Word}}} | (Placeholder) }} || {{#if: {{{IPA|}}} | {{{IPA}}} | ?? }} || {{#if: {{{Valve|}}} | {{{Valve}}} | ?? }} || <AudioButton>{{#if: {{{EXFilename|}}} | {{{EXFilename}}} | X }}.mp3</AudioButton> || {{#if: {{{PhoneticEX|}}} | {{{PhoneticEX}}} | ?? }} || {{#if: {{{Notes|}}} | {{{Notes}}} |}}
<noinclude>
=Usage=
<pre>
{{PronounceDBListItem
|Word = Word to pronounce
|IPA = IPA Transcription
|Valve = Valve Phoneme Transcription
|EXFilename = Filename for audio example, ".mp3" excluded
|PhoneticEX = Phonetic Example
|Notes = Any additional notes
}}</pre>
</noinclude>

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|-
| {{#if: {{{Word|}}} | {{{Word}}} | (Placeholder) }} || {{{IPA|}}} | {{{IPA}}} | ?? }} || {{{Valve|}}} | {{{Valve}}} | ?? }} || <AudioButton>{{{EXFilename|}}} | {{{EXFilename}}} | X }}.mp3</AudioButton> || {{{PhoneticEX|}}} | {{{PhoneticEX}}} | ?? }} || {{{Notes|}}} | {{{Notes}}} |}}
<noinclude>
=Usage=
<pre>
{{PronounceDBListItem
|Word = Word to pronounce
|IPA = IPA Transcription
|Valve = Valve Phoneme Transcription
|EXFilename = Filename for audio example, ".mp3" excluded
|PhoneticEX = Phonetic Example
|Notes = Any additional notes
}}</pre>
</noinclude>

Places (Alphabetical List)

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Places

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{{Under Construction}}

{{for|an alphabetical list instead of separated by region|Places (Alphabetical List)}}

== Introduction ==
These are the generally accepted official pronunciations for places within the land of Erinn.

Note: any words in parentheseis are common English words added to complete the place name, and are not included in the examples or notations.

== World Map ==

{|class="prettytable" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"
|-
! style="width:150pt;" | Place
! style="width:100pt;" | IPA
! style="width:100pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:5pt;" | EX
! style="width:150pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:300pt;" | Notes
|-
| Erinn || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Erinn.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
! colspan="6" | Continents
|-
| Uladh || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Uladh.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Iria || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Iria.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Belvast || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Belvast.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|}

== Uladh ==

{|class="prettytable" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"
|-
! style="width:150pt;" | Place
! style="width:100pt;" | IPA
! style="width:100pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:5pt;" | EX
! style="width:150pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:300pt;" | Notes
|-
| Abb Neagh || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Abb_Neagh.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Bangor || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Bangor.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Blago (Prairie) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Blago.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Ceo (Island) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Ceo.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Corrib (Valley) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Corrib.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Cuilin (Residential Area) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Cuilin.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Dugald || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Dugald.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Dunbarton || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Dunbarton.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Emain Macha || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Emain_Macha.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Gairech (Hill) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Gairech.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Morva (Aisle) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Morva.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Osna Sail || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Osna_Sail.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| (Port) Ceann || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Ceann.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| (Port) Cobh || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Cobh.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Rath (Royal Castle) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Rath.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Reighinalt || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? || Subarea of Gairech
|-
| Sen Mag || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Sen_Mag.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Sidhe Sneachta || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Sidhe_Sneachta.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Silab Cuilin || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Sliab_Cuilin.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Taillteann || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Taillteann.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Tara || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Tara.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Tir Chonaill || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Tir_Chonaill.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|}

== Iria ==

=== Regions ===

{|class="prettytable" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"
|-
! style="width:150pt;" | Place
! style="width:100pt;" | IPA
! style="width:100pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:5pt;" | EX
! style="width:150pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:300pt;" | Notes
|-
| Connous || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Connous.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Courcle || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Courcle.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Physis || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Physis.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Rano || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Rano.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Solea || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Solea.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Zardine || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Zardine.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|}

=== Connous ===

{|class="prettytable" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"
|-
! style="width:150pt;" | Place
! style="width:100pt;" | IPA
! style="width:100pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:5pt;" | EX
! style="width:150pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:300pt;" | Notes
|-
| Errans (Gorge) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Errans.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Filia || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Filia.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Longa (Desert) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Longa.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Lutra (River) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Lutra.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Metus || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Metus.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Neres (Plateau) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Neres.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Rupes (Desert) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Rupes.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Shyllien (Nature Reserve) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Shyllien.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|}

=== Courcle ===

{|class="prettytable" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"
|-
! style="width:150pt;" | Place
! style="width:100pt;" | IPA
! style="width:100pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:5pt;" | EX
! style="width:150pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:300pt;" | Notes
|-
| Cenae (Meadows) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Cenae.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Cor || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Cor.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Erkey (Falls) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Erkey.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Herba (Jungle) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Herba.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| La Terra (Highlands) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_La_Terra.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Lappa (Village) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Lappa.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Lutra (River) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Lutra.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Pantay (Swamp) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Pantay.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Suytu (River) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Suytu.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|}

=== Physis ===

{|class="prettytable" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"
|-
! style="width:150pt;" | Place
! style="width:100pt;" | IPA
! style="width:100pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:5pt;" | EX
! style="width:150pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:300pt;" | Notes
|-
| Barba (Basin) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Barba.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Hillwen (Mine) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Hillwen.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Lunae (Valley) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Lunae.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Reus (River) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Reus.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Sella (Beach) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Sella.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Silva (Forest) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Silva.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Vales || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Vales.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|}

=== Rano ===

{|class="prettytable" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"
|-
! style="width:150pt;" | Place
! style="width:100pt;" | IPA
! style="width:100pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:5pt;" | EX
! style="width:150pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:300pt;" | Notes
|-
| Karu (Forest) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Karu.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Kaypi (Canyon) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Kaypi.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Lutra (River) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Lutra.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Maiz (Prarie) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Maiz.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Muyu (Desert) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Muyu.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Nemeton || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Nemeton.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Nubes (Mountains) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Nubes.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| (Port) Qilla || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Qilla.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|}

=== Zardine ===

{|class="prettytable" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"
|-
! style="width:150pt;" | Place
! style="width:100pt;" | IPA
! style="width:100pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:5pt;" | EX
! style="width:150pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:300pt;" | Notes
|-
| (Lake) Calida || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Pera (Volcano) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Raspa (Volcano) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Renes || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|}

== Belvast Island ==

{|class="prettytable" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"
|-
! style="width:150pt;" | Place
! style="width:100pt;" | IPA
! style="width:100pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:5pt;" | EX
! style="width:150pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:300pt;" | Notes
|-
| (Commonwealth of) Belvast || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Belvast.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Avalon || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Avalon.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Mykeeness (Cliffs) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Mykeeness.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? || Subarea of Commonwealth of Belvast
|-
| (Beach of) Scathach || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Scathach.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Tory (Ravine) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Tory.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|}

=== Avalon ===

{|class="prettytable" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"
|-
! style="width:150pt;" | Place
! style="width:100pt;" | IPA
! style="width:100pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:5pt;" | EX
! style="width:150pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:300pt;" | Notes
|-
| Baltane || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Baltane.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? || (Lore) Original home region of the squires.
|-
| Berg (Mesa) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Berg.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Yggdrasil || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Yggdrasil.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|}

== Dungeons ==

=== Uladh ===

{|class="prettytable" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"
|-
! style="width:150pt;" | Place
! style="width:100pt;" | IPA
! style="width:100pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:5pt;" | EX
! style="width:150pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:300pt;" | Notes
|-
| Abb Neagh (Castle) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Abb_Neagh.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Alby || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Alby.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Barri || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Barri.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Ciar || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Ciar.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Coill || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Coill.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Dugald (Castle) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Dugald.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Fiodh || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Fiodh.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Math || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Math.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Peaca || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Peaca.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Rabbie || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Rabbie.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Rundal || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Rundal.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Sen Mag (Castle) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Sen_Mag.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Sidhe Finnachaid || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Sidhe_Finnachaid.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Silab Cuilin (Castle) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Silab_Cuilin.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|}

=== Iria ===

{|class="prettytable" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"
|-
! style="width:150pt;" | Place
! style="width:100pt;" | IPA
! style="width:100pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:5pt;" | EX
! style="width:150pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:300pt;" | Notes
|-
| Karu (Forest Ruins) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Karu.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Longa (Desert Ruins) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Longa.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Maiz (Prarie Ruins) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Maiz.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Par (Ruins) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Par.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|}

=== Another World (Tir Na Nog) ===

{|class="prettytable" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"
|-
! style="width:150pt;" | Place
! style="width:100pt;" | IPA
! style="width:100pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:5pt;" | EX
! style="width:150pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:300pt;" | Notes
|-
| Albey || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Albey.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| Baol || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Baol.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|}

== Other Realms ==

{|class="prettytable" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"
|-
! style="width:150pt;" | Place
! style="width:100pt;" | IPA
! style="width:100pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:5pt;" | EX
! style="width:150pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:300pt;" | Notes
|-
| Tir Na Nog || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_Tir_Na_Nog.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|}

== Lore ==

{|class="prettytable" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"
|-
! style="width:150pt;" | Place
! style="width:100pt;" | IPA
! style="width:100pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:5pt;" | EX
! style="width:150pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:300pt;" | Notes
|-
| (placeholder) || ?? || ?? || <AudioButton>place_X.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|}

[[Category:Pronunciation Database]]

Template:Edit

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The Proffessor: Created page with "[[{{fullurl:{{{1|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}|action=edit{{#if:{{{2|}}}|&section={{{2}}}}}}} edit]]<noinclude> {{Documentation}}</no..."

[[{{fullurl:{{{1|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}|action=edit{{#if:{{{2|}}}|&section={{{2}}}}}}} edit]]<noinclude>
{{Documentation}}</noinclude>

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__NOEDITSECTION__<div style="padding: 1em; border: 1px solid #aaa; background-color: #ECFCF4;"><div style="padding-bottom: 3px; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; margin-bottom: 1ex;">{{edit|{{FULLPAGENAME}}/doc}}Template Documentation</div>__FORCETOC__
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:''{{{re|}}} For {{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|other uses}}, see [[:{{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{{2|}}}|{{PAGENAME}} (disambiguation)}}]]{{#if:{{{4|}}}|, [[:{{{4|}}}]],}}{{#if:{{{5|}}}| [[:{{{5|}}}]],}}{{#if:{{{6|}}}| [[:{{{6|}}}]],}}{{#if:{{{7|}}}| [[:{{{7|}}}]],}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}| and [[:{{{3|}}}]]}}.<noinclude>
{{Documentation}}</noinclude>

2018-12-07T10:50:34Z

The Proffessor: Protected "Category:Pronunciation Database" ([Edit=⧼protect-level-edit_dept_linguistics⧽] (indefinite) [Move=⧼protect-level-edit_dept_linguistics⧽] (indefinite))

MediaWiki:Sidebar

2018-12-07T10:50:00Z

The Proffessor:

* navigation
** mainpage|mainpage-description
** recentchanges-url|recentchanges
** randompage-url|randompage

* Categories
** Category:Linguistics Database|Linguistics DB
** Category:Pronunciation Database|Pronunciation DB
* Links
** https://discord.gg/96DvseA|VoE Discord Server
** https://wiki.mabinogiworld.com|Mabi Wiki
* SEARCH
* TOOLBOX
* LANGUAGES

Vocal Attributes

2018-12-07T10:48:50Z

The Proffessor: Protected "Vocal Attributes" ([Edit=⧼protect-level-edit_dept_linguistics⧽] (indefinite) [Move=⧼protect-level-edit_dept_linguistics⧽] (indefinite))

{{Under Construction}}

'''Note: Everything here is currently being researched/written.'''
= Modulation =

== Volume ==
Scale of 0 to 8
*8. "KAAAAAAAHNNNN!"
*7. Shouting directed toward a person or group
*6. Presentation to large group without microphone
*5. Presentation to medium sized group OR large group with aid of a microphone
*4. Standard Volume (Small Conversation)
*3. Faint Standard
*2. Clear Whisper
*1. Faint Whisper
*0. "Lipsynching"

== Pacing ==
Scale of 1 to 5
*5. "Auctioneer"
*4. Excited
*3. Conversational Flow
*2. Emphasis or Importance; Sad; Uncertainty
*1. "Eeyore"

== Tone ==
'''WIP'''
*Very High
*High
*Med-High
*Med
*Med-Low
*Low
*Very Low

== Tone Modifiers ==
Scale of -2 to +2

Shifts Tone level accodingly

== Age ==
*Elderly(60+)
**Typically +1 Tone Modifier
*Middle-age(40-59)
*Adult(30's)
*Young Adult (20's)
*Late Teen (16-19)
*Teen (13-15)
*Preteen (10-12)
*Child (4-9)
**Typically +1 Tone Modifier
*Baby (0-3)
**Typically +2 Tone Modifier

= Emotion =
Used as modifiers within context, calculations are typical
*Happiness/Contentment:
*Excitement/Enthusiasm: +1 Tone Modifier; Pacing 4
*Fear: Poise -1; +1 Tone Modifier; Sometimes Pacing 4
*Anger: Volume +1 or +2; -1 Tone Modifier
*Contempt/Disgust/Annoyance:
*Apathy/Boredom:
*Sorrow: Pacing 1 or 2; Sometimes +1 Tone Modifier
*Anxiety: Poise -1; Pacing 2; -1 Tone Modifier; Sometimes Stutter +1
*Contemplation/Meditation: Pacing 1 or 2; -1 Tone Modifier
*Seduction: Pacing 2; -1 Tone Modifier
*Surprise: Volume +1 or +2; Sometimes +1 or +2 Tone Modifier

= Fluency =

== Stutter ==
Scale of 0 to 3
*3. High
*2. Medium
*1. Low
*0. None

== Poise ==
(composure vs. anxiety or nervousness)

scale of 3 to 0
*3. No Issues
*2. "Group Presentation"
*1. "Stage Fright"
*0. Complete Anxiety

= Clarity Modifiers =

== Breathy ==
Scale of 0 to 2

== Nasaly ==
Scale of 0 to 2

== Flutter/Bleat ==
Scale of 0 to 2

== Strained ==
Scale of 0 to 2

== Gruff ==
Scale of 0 to 2

== Hoarse ==
Scale of 0 to 2

== Stuffy ==
Scale of 0 to 3

== Yawny ==
Scale of 0 to 2

== Muffled ==
(Typically by a helmet or robe covering the mouth)

Scale of 0 to 2

= Post Production Effects =
(used for deities and the like)

== Echo ==
Scale of 0 to 2

== Chorus ==
Scale of 0 to 2

== Reverse Reverb ==
Scale of 0 to 2
*2. Long (warning: can get disruptive)
*1. Short
*0. None

= Sources =
Note this is a non-exhaustive list.
*http://www.ncvs.org/ncvs/tutorials/voiceprod/tutorial/quality.html
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Emotions

[[Category: Linguistics Database]]

Basic Irish Letters

2018-12-07T10:48:13Z

The Proffessor: Changed protection level for "Basic Irish Letters" ([Edit=⧼protect-level-edit_dept_linguistics⧽] (indefinite) [Move=⧼protect-level-edit_dept_linguistics⧽] (indefinite))

{{Under Construction}}

== Introduction ==

Irish letters are classified into 2 distinct groups, referred to as '''broad''' and '''slender'''.
*The broad (velarized) consonants b, c, f, g, m can sound as if they’re being followed by a very subtle “w”.
*Slender (palatalized) consonants can sound as if they’re followed by a slight “y”.

Determining the correct group:
*Of the vowels, a, o, and u are always broad, whereas e and i are always slender.
*Consonants vary based on which group the closest vowel is in.
**Examples: tae (‘t’ is broad), te (‘t’ is slender), taistil (the first ‘t’ is broad; ‘s’, the second ‘t’ and ‘l’ are all slender).
*The vowels on either side of a consonant, or group of consonants, must both be slender or both be broad.
**Examples: déanfaidh, rithfidh, leabharlann, páirceanna, cupán, cipín, madra, maidrín.
**Note: There are some rare exceptions, such as anseo; ansin.

== Vowels ==

{|class="prettytable" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"
|-
! style="width:25pt;" | Letter
! style="width:25pt;" | IPA
! style="width:40pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:5pt;" | EX
! style="width:100pt;" | Phonetic Example
|-
| a || /a/ || AA || <AudioButton>phoneme_0061.mp3</AudioButton> || f'''a'''ther, sp'''a'''
|-
| á || /ɑ:/ || AO || <AudioButton>phoneme_0061-02D0.mp3</AudioButton> || c'''a'''ll, f'''a'''r
|-
| e || /ɛ/ || EH || <AudioButton>phoneme_025B.mp3</AudioButton> || t'''e'''ll, g'''e'''t
|-
| é || /e:/ || EY || <AudioButton>phoneme_0065-02D0.mp3</AudioButton> || b'''ai'''t, p'''a'''y
|-
| i || /ɪ/ || IH || <AudioButton>phoneme_026A.mp3</AudioButton> || '''i'''n, h'''i'''t
|-
| í || /i:/ || IY || <AudioButton>phoneme_0069-02D0.mp3</AudioButton> || tr'''ee''', m'''ea'''n, h'''e'''
|-
| o || /ɔ/ || AH || <AudioButton>phoneme_0254.mp3</AudioButton> || t'''u'''g, w'''o'''nder
|-
| ó || /o:/ || OW || <AudioButton>phoneme_006F-02D0.mp3</AudioButton> || r'''o'''ll, t'''o'''e, r'''o'''ad
|-
| u || /ʌ/ || UH || <AudioButton>phoneme_028C.mp3</AudioButton> || g'''u'''t, f'''u'''n
|-
| ú || /u:/ || UW || <AudioButton>phoneme_0075-02D0.mp3</AudioButton> || t'''oo''', r'''u'''de
|}

== Vowel Combinations ==

Note that some combinations are not consistent, and vary in pronunciation based on the word.

{|class="prettytable" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"
|-
! style="width:25pt;" | Letters
! style="width:25pt;" | IPA
! style="width:40pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:5pt;" | EX
! style="width:100pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:300pt;" | Notes
|-
| ae || /e/ || EY || <AudioButton>phoneme_0065.mp3</AudioButton> || b'''ai'''t, p'''a'''y ||
|-
| ao || /i/ || IY || <AudioButton>phoneme_0069.mp3</AudioButton> || tr'''ee''', m'''ea'''n, h'''e''' ||
|-
| aoi || /i/ || IY || <AudioButton>phoneme_0069.mp3</AudioButton> || tr'''ee''', m'''ea'''n, h'''e''' ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | ea || /ᴂ/ || ?? || <AudioButton>phoneme_.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| /a/ || AA || <AudioButton>phoneme_0061.mp3</AudioButton> || f'''a'''ther, sp'''a''' ||
|-
| /ja/ || ?? || <AudioButton>phoneme_.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| /iɑ:/ || ?? || <AudioButton>phoneme_.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| ei || /ɛ/ || EH || <AudioButton>phoneme_025B.mp3</AudioButton> || t'''e'''ll, g'''e'''t ||
|-
| eo || /o/ || OW || <AudioButton>phoneme_006F.mp3</AudioButton> || r'''o'''ll, t'''o'''e, r'''o'''ad ||
|-
| ia || /iə/ || ?? || <AudioButton>phoneme_.mp3</AudioButton> || id'''ea''' ||
|-
| io || /ɪ/ || IH || <AudioButton>phoneme_026A.mp3</AudioButton> || '''i'''n, h'''i'''t ||
|-
| oi || /ɪ/ || IH || <AudioButton>phoneme_026A.mp3</AudioButton> || '''i'''n, h'''i'''t ||
|-
| ua || /uə/ || ?? || <AudioButton>phoneme_.mp3</AudioButton> || tr'''ua'''nt ||
|-
| ui || /ɪ/ || IH || <AudioButton>phoneme_026A.mp3</AudioButton> || '''i'''n, h'''i'''t ||
|-
| -(e)adh || /u/ || UW || <AudioButton>phoneme_0075.mp3</AudioButton> || t'''oo''', r'''u'''de ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | -faidh || /i/ || IY || <AudioButton>phoneme_0069.mp3</AudioButton> || tr'''ee''', m'''ea'''n, h'''e''' ||
|-
| /ɪ/ || IH || <AudioButton>phoneme_026A.mp3</AudioButton> || '''i'''n, h'''i'''t ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | -fidh || /i/ || IY || <AudioButton>phoneme_0069.mp3</AudioButton> || tr'''ee''', m'''ea'''n, h'''e''' ||
|-
| /ɪ/ || IH || <AudioButton>phoneme_026A.mp3</AudioButton> || '''i'''n, h'''i'''t ||
|}

== Standard Consonants ==

{|class="prettytable" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"
|-
! colspan="6" | Broad Consonants
|-
! style="width:25pt;" | Letter
! style="width:25pt;" | IPA
! style="width:40pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:5pt;" | EX
! style="width:100pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:300pt;" | Notes
|-
| b || /bˠ/ || B || <AudioButton>phoneme_0062-02E0.mp3</AudioButton> || '''b'''room, '''b'''oy ||
|-
| c || /k/ || K || <AudioButton>phoneme_006B.mp3</AudioButton> || '''c'''ut, '''k'''ey ||
|-
| d || /d̪ˠ/ || D || <AudioButton>phoneme_0064-032A-02E0.mp3</AudioButton> || '''d'''o, un'''d'''er ||
|-
| f || /fˠ/ || F || <AudioButton>phoneme_0066-02E0.mp3</AudioButton> || el'''f''', '''f'''ool ||
|-
| g || /ɡ/ || G || <AudioButton>phoneme_0261.mp3</AudioButton> || '''g'''oo, e'''gg''' ||
|-
| h || /h/ || HH || <AudioButton>phoneme_0068.mp3</AudioButton> || '''h'''oney, '''h'''ello || Neither broad nor slender
|-
| l || /l̪ˠ/; /l/ || L || <AudioButton>phoneme_006C-032A-02E0.mp3</AudioButton> || fi'''l'''th, wi'''ll''' || occasionally /l/, which is considered neither broad nor slender
|-
| ll || /l̪ˠ/ || ?? || <AudioButton>phoneme_006C-032A-02E0.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| m || /mˠ/ || M || <AudioButton>phoneme_006D-02E0.mp3</AudioButton> || '''m'''oo, wo'''m'''an ||
|-
| n || /n̪ˠ/; /n/ || N || <AudioButton>phoneme_006E-032A-02E0.mp3</AudioButton> || '''n'''ot, u'''n'''der || occasionally /n/, which is considered neither broad nor slender
|-
| p || /pˠ/ || P || <AudioButton>phoneme_0070-02E0.mp3</AudioButton> || s'''p'''an, sto'''p''' ||
|-
| r || /ɾˠ/ || R || <AudioButton>phoneme_027E-02E0.mp3</AudioButton> || '''r'''ule (but tapped) || always broad word-initially; always broad in rd, rl, rn, rr, rs, rt, rth, sr
|-
| s || /sˠ/ || S || <AudioButton>phoneme_0073-02E0.mp3</AudioButton> || '''s'''oon, ea'''s'''t ||
|-
| t || /t̪ˠ/ || T || <AudioButton>phoneme_0074-032A-02E0.mp3</AudioButton> || s'''t'''and (but dental) ||
|-
| v || /w/ || W || <AudioButton>phoneme_0077.mp3</AudioButton> || '''w'''ood, '''w'''ater || loan consonant; /vˠ/ in other dialects*
|-
| z || /zˠ/ || ?? || <AudioButton>phoneme_007A-02E0.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? || loan consonant
|-
! colspan="6" | Slender Consonants
|-
! style="width:25pt;" | Letter
! style="width:25pt;" | IPA
! style="width:40pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:5pt;" | EX
! style="width:100pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:300pt;" | Notes
|-
| b || /bʲ/ || B Y || <AudioButton>phoneme_0062-02B2.mp3</AudioButton> || '''bea'''utiful ||
|-
| c || /c/ || K Y || <AudioButton>phoneme_0063.mp3</AudioButton> || s'''k'''ew, '''c'''ucumber ||
|-

| d || /dʲ/ || ?? || <AudioButton>phoneme_0064-02B2.mp3</AudioButton> || '''de'''ar || /dʑ/ in other dialects*
|-
| f || /fʲ/ || F Y || <AudioButton>phoneme_0066-02B2.mp3</AudioButton> || '''f'''uel, '''f'''utile ||
|-
| g || /ɟ/ || G Y || <AudioButton>phoneme_025F.mp3</AudioButton> || ar'''g'''ue ||
|-
| h || /h/ || HH || <AudioButton>phoneme_0068.mp3</AudioButton> || '''h'''oney, '''h'''ello || Neither broad nor slender
|-
| l || /lʲ/ || L Y || <AudioButton>phoneme_006C-02B2.mp3</AudioButton> || mi'''lli'''on, wi'''ll y'''ou ||
|-
| ll || /lʲ/; /l̪ʲ/ || ?? || <AudioButton>phoneme_006C-02B2.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? || occasionally /l̪ʲ/
|-
| m || /mʲ/ || M Y || <AudioButton>phoneme_006D-02B2.mp3</AudioButton> || '''m'''ute ||
|-
| n || /nʲ/ || N Y || <AudioButton>phoneme_006E-02B2.mp3</AudioButton> || si'''ne'''w, mi'''ni'''on ||
|-
| p || /pʲ/ || P Y || <AudioButton>phoneme_0070-02B2.mp3</AudioButton> || s'''pe'''w ||
|-
| r || /ɾʲ/ || R IY? || <AudioButton>phoneme_027E-02B2.mp3</AudioButton> || '''re'''al (but tapped) || always broad word-initially; always broad in rd, rl, rn, rr, rs, rt, rth, sr
|-
| s || /ɕ/ || SH || <AudioButton>phoneme_0283.mp3</AudioButton> || '''sh'''ip, wi'''sh''' || /ʃ/ in other dialects*
|-
| t || /tʲ/ || T || <AudioButton>phoneme_0074-02B2.mp3</AudioButton> || s'''t'''ew ||
|-
| v || /vʲ/ || V Y || <AudioButton>phoneme_0076-02B2.mp3</AudioButton> || '''vi'''ew || loan consonant
|-
| z || /ʑ/ || ZH || <AudioButton>phoneme_0292.mp3</AudioButton> || vi'''si'''on || loan consonant; /ʒ/ in other dialects*
|}

== Lenited Consonants ==

Lenition changes the sound of a letter by adding the letter "h". The consonant sound is then regarded as "softened".

{|class="prettytable" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"
|-
! colspan="6" | Lenited Broad Consonants
|-
! style="width:25pt;" | Letter
! style="width:25pt;" | IPA
! style="width:40pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:5pt;" | EX
! style="width:100pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:150pt;" | Notes
|-
| bh || /w/ || W || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''w'''ow, to'''w'''er ||
|-
| ch || /x/ || ?? || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || lo'''ch''' (Scottish), Na'''ch'''t (German) ||
|-
| dh || /ɣ/ || — || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || (no equivalent) || /ɣ/ word-initially; silent after a long vowel
|-
| fh || silent || <SIL> || — || (silent) ||
|-
| gh || /ɣ/ || — || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || (no equivalent) || /ɣ/ word-initially; silent after a long vowel
|-
| mh || /w/ || W || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''w'''ow, to'''w'''er ||
|-
| ph || /fˠ/ || F || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''f'''ollow, tele'''ph'''one ||
|-
| sh || /h/ || HH || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''h'''oney, '''h'''ello ||
|-
| th || /h/ || HH || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''h'''oney, '''h'''ello || Silent if at the end of a syllable
|-
! colspan="6" | Lenited Slender Consonants
|-
! style="width:25pt;" | Letter
! style="width:25pt;" | IPA
! style="width:40pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:5pt;" | EX
! style="width:100pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:150pt;" | Notes
|-
| bh || /vʲ/ || V || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''v'''illage, e'''v'''e ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | ch || /ç/ || ?? || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''h'''ue (pronounced strongly); ?? || used unless between vowels
|-
| /h/ || HH || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''h'''oney, '''h'''ello || only used between vowels
|-
| dh || /ʝ/ || Y || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''y'''ell, e'''y'''e? ||
|-
| fh || silent || <SIL> || — || (silent) ||
|-
| gh || /ʝ/ || Y || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''y'''ell, e'''y'''e? ||
|-
| mh || /vʲ/ || V || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''v'''illage, e'''v'''e ||
|-
| ph || /fʲ/ || F Y || <AudioButton>phoneme_0066-02B2.mp3</AudioButton> || '''f'''uel, '''f'''utile ||
|-
| sh || /h/ || HH || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''h'''oney, '''h'''ello ||
|-
| th || /h/ || HH || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''h'''oney, '''h'''ello || Silent if at the end of a syllable
|}

== Eclipsed Consonants ==

Eclipsis inserts a letter at the beginning of a word. This letter "eclipses", or supresses the existing first letter, so that only the new letter is pronounced.

{|class="prettytable" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"
|-
! colspan="8" | Eclipsed Broad Consonants
|-
! style="width:25pt;" | Letter
! style="width:25pt;" | Additive
! style="width:25pt;" | Original
! style="width:25pt;" | IPA
! style="width:40pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:5pt;" | EX
! style="width:100pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:150pt;" | Notes
|-
| bhf || bh || f || /w/ || W || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''w'''ow, to'''w'''er ||
|-
| bp || b || p || /bˠ/ || B || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''b'''room, '''b'''oy ||
|-
| dt || d || t || /d̪ˠ/ || D || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''d'''o, un'''d'''er ||
|-
| gc || g || c || /ɡ/ || G || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''g'''oo, e'''gg''' ||
|-
| mb || m || b || /mˠ/ || M || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''m'''oo, wo'''m'''an ||
|-
| nd || n || d || /n̪ˠ/ || N || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''n'''ot, u'''n'''der || occasionally /nˠ/
|-
| ng || n || g || /ŋ/ || NG || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || wi'''ng''', thi'''ng''' ||
|-
! colspan="8" | Eclipsed Slender Consonants
|-
! Letter
! Additive
! Original
! IPA
! Valve Phoneme
! EX
! Phonetic Example
! Notes
|-
| bhf || bh || f || /vʲ/ || V || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''v'''illage, e'''v'''e ||
|-
| bp || b || p || /bʲ/ || B Y || <AudioButton>phoneme_0062-02B2.mp3</AudioButton> || '''bea'''utiful ||
|-

| dt || d || t || /dʲ/ || ?? || <AudioButton>phoneme_0064-02B2.mp3</AudioButton> || '''de'''ar || /dʑ/ in other dialects*
|-
| gc || g || c || /ɟ/ || G Y || <AudioButton>phoneme_025F.mp3</AudioButton> || ar'''g'''ue ||
|-
| mb || m || b || /mʲ/ || M Y || <AudioButton>phoneme_006D-02B2.mp3</AudioButton> || '''m'''ute ||
|-
| nd || n || d || /nʲ/ || N Y || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || si'''ne'''w, mi'''ni'''on ||
|-
| ng || n || g || /ŋ/ || NG || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || wi'''ng''', thi'''ng''' ||
|}

== Sources ==
*Sounds & Spelling of Irish/Fuaimeanna agus Litriú na Gaeilge - https://drive.google.com/file/d/1iF6a4FZnBjuqhSATZkenr3PthdyiN18E/view
*Wikipedia:
**https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulster_Irish
**https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Irish
**https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_phonology
**https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet
*Valve Phoneme Tool - http://www.lagspike.com/valve-phoneme-tool

[[Category:Linguistics Database]]

Basic Irish Letters

2018-12-07T10:47:23Z

The Proffessor: Protected "Basic Irish Letters" ([Edit=⧼protect-level-edit_dept_linguistics⧽] (indefinite))

{{Under Construction}}

== Introduction ==

Irish letters are classified into 2 distinct groups, referred to as '''broad''' and '''slender'''.
*The broad (velarized) consonants b, c, f, g, m can sound as if they’re being followed by a very subtle “w”.
*Slender (palatalized) consonants can sound as if they’re followed by a slight “y”.

Determining the correct group:
*Of the vowels, a, o, and u are always broad, whereas e and i are always slender.
*Consonants vary based on which group the closest vowel is in.
**Examples: tae (‘t’ is broad), te (‘t’ is slender), taistil (the first ‘t’ is broad; ‘s’, the second ‘t’ and ‘l’ are all slender).
*The vowels on either side of a consonant, or group of consonants, must both be slender or both be broad.
**Examples: déanfaidh, rithfidh, leabharlann, páirceanna, cupán, cipín, madra, maidrín.
**Note: There are some rare exceptions, such as anseo; ansin.

== Vowels ==

{|class="prettytable" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"
|-
! style="width:25pt;" | Letter
! style="width:25pt;" | IPA
! style="width:40pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:5pt;" | EX
! style="width:100pt;" | Phonetic Example
|-
| a || /a/ || AA || <AudioButton>phoneme_0061.mp3</AudioButton> || f'''a'''ther, sp'''a'''
|-
| á || /ɑ:/ || AO || <AudioButton>phoneme_0061-02D0.mp3</AudioButton> || c'''a'''ll, f'''a'''r
|-
| e || /ɛ/ || EH || <AudioButton>phoneme_025B.mp3</AudioButton> || t'''e'''ll, g'''e'''t
|-
| é || /e:/ || EY || <AudioButton>phoneme_0065-02D0.mp3</AudioButton> || b'''ai'''t, p'''a'''y
|-
| i || /ɪ/ || IH || <AudioButton>phoneme_026A.mp3</AudioButton> || '''i'''n, h'''i'''t
|-
| í || /i:/ || IY || <AudioButton>phoneme_0069-02D0.mp3</AudioButton> || tr'''ee''', m'''ea'''n, h'''e'''
|-
| o || /ɔ/ || AH || <AudioButton>phoneme_0254.mp3</AudioButton> || t'''u'''g, w'''o'''nder
|-
| ó || /o:/ || OW || <AudioButton>phoneme_006F-02D0.mp3</AudioButton> || r'''o'''ll, t'''o'''e, r'''o'''ad
|-
| u || /ʌ/ || UH || <AudioButton>phoneme_028C.mp3</AudioButton> || g'''u'''t, f'''u'''n
|-
| ú || /u:/ || UW || <AudioButton>phoneme_0075-02D0.mp3</AudioButton> || t'''oo''', r'''u'''de
|}

== Vowel Combinations ==

Note that some combinations are not consistent, and vary in pronunciation based on the word.

{|class="prettytable" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"
|-
! style="width:25pt;" | Letters
! style="width:25pt;" | IPA
! style="width:40pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:5pt;" | EX
! style="width:100pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:300pt;" | Notes
|-
| ae || /e/ || EY || <AudioButton>phoneme_0065.mp3</AudioButton> || b'''ai'''t, p'''a'''y ||
|-
| ao || /i/ || IY || <AudioButton>phoneme_0069.mp3</AudioButton> || tr'''ee''', m'''ea'''n, h'''e''' ||
|-
| aoi || /i/ || IY || <AudioButton>phoneme_0069.mp3</AudioButton> || tr'''ee''', m'''ea'''n, h'''e''' ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | ea || /ᴂ/ || ?? || <AudioButton>phoneme_.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| /a/ || AA || <AudioButton>phoneme_0061.mp3</AudioButton> || f'''a'''ther, sp'''a''' ||
|-
| /ja/ || ?? || <AudioButton>phoneme_.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| /iɑ:/ || ?? || <AudioButton>phoneme_.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| ei || /ɛ/ || EH || <AudioButton>phoneme_025B.mp3</AudioButton> || t'''e'''ll, g'''e'''t ||
|-
| eo || /o/ || OW || <AudioButton>phoneme_006F.mp3</AudioButton> || r'''o'''ll, t'''o'''e, r'''o'''ad ||
|-
| ia || /iə/ || ?? || <AudioButton>phoneme_.mp3</AudioButton> || id'''ea''' ||
|-
| io || /ɪ/ || IH || <AudioButton>phoneme_026A.mp3</AudioButton> || '''i'''n, h'''i'''t ||
|-
| oi || /ɪ/ || IH || <AudioButton>phoneme_026A.mp3</AudioButton> || '''i'''n, h'''i'''t ||
|-
| ua || /uə/ || ?? || <AudioButton>phoneme_.mp3</AudioButton> || tr'''ua'''nt ||
|-
| ui || /ɪ/ || IH || <AudioButton>phoneme_026A.mp3</AudioButton> || '''i'''n, h'''i'''t ||
|-
| -(e)adh || /u/ || UW || <AudioButton>phoneme_0075.mp3</AudioButton> || t'''oo''', r'''u'''de ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | -faidh || /i/ || IY || <AudioButton>phoneme_0069.mp3</AudioButton> || tr'''ee''', m'''ea'''n, h'''e''' ||
|-
| /ɪ/ || IH || <AudioButton>phoneme_026A.mp3</AudioButton> || '''i'''n, h'''i'''t ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | -fidh || /i/ || IY || <AudioButton>phoneme_0069.mp3</AudioButton> || tr'''ee''', m'''ea'''n, h'''e''' ||
|-
| /ɪ/ || IH || <AudioButton>phoneme_026A.mp3</AudioButton> || '''i'''n, h'''i'''t ||
|}

== Standard Consonants ==

{|class="prettytable" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"
|-
! colspan="6" | Broad Consonants
|-
! style="width:25pt;" | Letter
! style="width:25pt;" | IPA
! style="width:40pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:5pt;" | EX
! style="width:100pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:300pt;" | Notes
|-
| b || /bˠ/ || B || <AudioButton>phoneme_0062-02E0.mp3</AudioButton> || '''b'''room, '''b'''oy ||
|-
| c || /k/ || K || <AudioButton>phoneme_006B.mp3</AudioButton> || '''c'''ut, '''k'''ey ||
|-
| d || /d̪ˠ/ || D || <AudioButton>phoneme_0064-032A-02E0.mp3</AudioButton> || '''d'''o, un'''d'''er ||
|-
| f || /fˠ/ || F || <AudioButton>phoneme_0066-02E0.mp3</AudioButton> || el'''f''', '''f'''ool ||
|-
| g || /ɡ/ || G || <AudioButton>phoneme_0261.mp3</AudioButton> || '''g'''oo, e'''gg''' ||
|-
| h || /h/ || HH || <AudioButton>phoneme_0068.mp3</AudioButton> || '''h'''oney, '''h'''ello || Neither broad nor slender
|-
| l || /l̪ˠ/; /l/ || L || <AudioButton>phoneme_006C-032A-02E0.mp3</AudioButton> || fi'''l'''th, wi'''ll''' || occasionally /l/, which is considered neither broad nor slender
|-
| ll || /l̪ˠ/ || ?? || <AudioButton>phoneme_006C-032A-02E0.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| m || /mˠ/ || M || <AudioButton>phoneme_006D-02E0.mp3</AudioButton> || '''m'''oo, wo'''m'''an ||
|-
| n || /n̪ˠ/; /n/ || N || <AudioButton>phoneme_006E-032A-02E0.mp3</AudioButton> || '''n'''ot, u'''n'''der || occasionally /n/, which is considered neither broad nor slender
|-
| p || /pˠ/ || P || <AudioButton>phoneme_0070-02E0.mp3</AudioButton> || s'''p'''an, sto'''p''' ||
|-
| r || /ɾˠ/ || R || <AudioButton>phoneme_027E-02E0.mp3</AudioButton> || '''r'''ule (but tapped) || always broad word-initially; always broad in rd, rl, rn, rr, rs, rt, rth, sr
|-
| s || /sˠ/ || S || <AudioButton>phoneme_0073-02E0.mp3</AudioButton> || '''s'''oon, ea'''s'''t ||
|-
| t || /t̪ˠ/ || T || <AudioButton>phoneme_0074-032A-02E0.mp3</AudioButton> || s'''t'''and (but dental) ||
|-
| v || /w/ || W || <AudioButton>phoneme_0077.mp3</AudioButton> || '''w'''ood, '''w'''ater || loan consonant; /vˠ/ in other dialects*
|-
| z || /zˠ/ || ?? || <AudioButton>phoneme_007A-02E0.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? || loan consonant
|-
! colspan="6" | Slender Consonants
|-
! style="width:25pt;" | Letter
! style="width:25pt;" | IPA
! style="width:40pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:5pt;" | EX
! style="width:100pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:300pt;" | Notes
|-
| b || /bʲ/ || B Y || <AudioButton>phoneme_0062-02B2.mp3</AudioButton> || '''bea'''utiful ||
|-
| c || /c/ || K Y || <AudioButton>phoneme_0063.mp3</AudioButton> || s'''k'''ew, '''c'''ucumber ||
|-

| d || /dʲ/ || ?? || <AudioButton>phoneme_0064-02B2.mp3</AudioButton> || '''de'''ar || /dʑ/ in other dialects*
|-
| f || /fʲ/ || F Y || <AudioButton>phoneme_0066-02B2.mp3</AudioButton> || '''f'''uel, '''f'''utile ||
|-
| g || /ɟ/ || G Y || <AudioButton>phoneme_025F.mp3</AudioButton> || ar'''g'''ue ||
|-
| h || /h/ || HH || <AudioButton>phoneme_0068.mp3</AudioButton> || '''h'''oney, '''h'''ello || Neither broad nor slender
|-
| l || /lʲ/ || L Y || <AudioButton>phoneme_006C-02B2.mp3</AudioButton> || mi'''lli'''on, wi'''ll y'''ou ||
|-
| ll || /lʲ/; /l̪ʲ/ || ?? || <AudioButton>phoneme_006C-02B2.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? || occasionally /l̪ʲ/
|-
| m || /mʲ/ || M Y || <AudioButton>phoneme_006D-02B2.mp3</AudioButton> || '''m'''ute ||
|-
| n || /nʲ/ || N Y || <AudioButton>phoneme_006E-02B2.mp3</AudioButton> || si'''ne'''w, mi'''ni'''on ||
|-
| p || /pʲ/ || P Y || <AudioButton>phoneme_0070-02B2.mp3</AudioButton> || s'''pe'''w ||
|-
| r || /ɾʲ/ || R IY? || <AudioButton>phoneme_027E-02B2.mp3</AudioButton> || '''re'''al (but tapped) || always broad word-initially; always broad in rd, rl, rn, rr, rs, rt, rth, sr
|-
| s || /ɕ/ || SH || <AudioButton>phoneme_0283.mp3</AudioButton> || '''sh'''ip, wi'''sh''' || /ʃ/ in other dialects*
|-
| t || /tʲ/ || T || <AudioButton>phoneme_0074-02B2.mp3</AudioButton> || s'''t'''ew ||
|-
| v || /vʲ/ || V Y || <AudioButton>phoneme_0076-02B2.mp3</AudioButton> || '''vi'''ew || loan consonant
|-
| z || /ʑ/ || ZH || <AudioButton>phoneme_0292.mp3</AudioButton> || vi'''si'''on || loan consonant; /ʒ/ in other dialects*
|}

== Lenited Consonants ==

Lenition changes the sound of a letter by adding the letter "h". The consonant sound is then regarded as "softened".

{|class="prettytable" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"
|-
! colspan="6" | Lenited Broad Consonants
|-
! style="width:25pt;" | Letter
! style="width:25pt;" | IPA
! style="width:40pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:5pt;" | EX
! style="width:100pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:150pt;" | Notes
|-
| bh || /w/ || W || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''w'''ow, to'''w'''er ||
|-
| ch || /x/ || ?? || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || lo'''ch''' (Scottish), Na'''ch'''t (German) ||
|-
| dh || /ɣ/ || — || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || (no equivalent) || /ɣ/ word-initially; silent after a long vowel
|-
| fh || silent || <SIL> || — || (silent) ||
|-
| gh || /ɣ/ || — || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || (no equivalent) || /ɣ/ word-initially; silent after a long vowel
|-
| mh || /w/ || W || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''w'''ow, to'''w'''er ||
|-
| ph || /fˠ/ || F || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''f'''ollow, tele'''ph'''one ||
|-
| sh || /h/ || HH || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''h'''oney, '''h'''ello ||
|-
| th || /h/ || HH || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''h'''oney, '''h'''ello || Silent if at the end of a syllable
|-
! colspan="6" | Lenited Slender Consonants
|-
! style="width:25pt;" | Letter
! style="width:25pt;" | IPA
! style="width:40pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:5pt;" | EX
! style="width:100pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:150pt;" | Notes
|-
| bh || /vʲ/ || V || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''v'''illage, e'''v'''e ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | ch || /ç/ || ?? || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''h'''ue (pronounced strongly); ?? || used unless between vowels
|-
| /h/ || HH || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''h'''oney, '''h'''ello || only used between vowels
|-
| dh || /ʝ/ || Y || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''y'''ell, e'''y'''e? ||
|-
| fh || silent || <SIL> || — || (silent) ||
|-
| gh || /ʝ/ || Y || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''y'''ell, e'''y'''e? ||
|-
| mh || /vʲ/ || V || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''v'''illage, e'''v'''e ||
|-
| ph || /fʲ/ || F Y || <AudioButton>phoneme_0066-02B2.mp3</AudioButton> || '''f'''uel, '''f'''utile ||
|-
| sh || /h/ || HH || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''h'''oney, '''h'''ello ||
|-
| th || /h/ || HH || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''h'''oney, '''h'''ello || Silent if at the end of a syllable
|}

== Eclipsed Consonants ==

Eclipsis inserts a letter at the beginning of a word. This letter "eclipses", or supresses the existing first letter, so that only the new letter is pronounced.

{|class="prettytable" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"
|-
! colspan="8" | Eclipsed Broad Consonants
|-
! style="width:25pt;" | Letter
! style="width:25pt;" | Additive
! style="width:25pt;" | Original
! style="width:25pt;" | IPA
! style="width:40pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:5pt;" | EX
! style="width:100pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:150pt;" | Notes
|-
| bhf || bh || f || /w/ || W || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''w'''ow, to'''w'''er ||
|-
| bp || b || p || /bˠ/ || B || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''b'''room, '''b'''oy ||
|-
| dt || d || t || /d̪ˠ/ || D || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''d'''o, un'''d'''er ||
|-
| gc || g || c || /ɡ/ || G || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''g'''oo, e'''gg''' ||
|-
| mb || m || b || /mˠ/ || M || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''m'''oo, wo'''m'''an ||
|-
| nd || n || d || /n̪ˠ/ || N || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''n'''ot, u'''n'''der || occasionally /nˠ/
|-
| ng || n || g || /ŋ/ || NG || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || wi'''ng''', thi'''ng''' ||
|-
! colspan="8" | Eclipsed Slender Consonants
|-
! Letter
! Additive
! Original
! IPA
! Valve Phoneme
! EX
! Phonetic Example
! Notes
|-
| bhf || bh || f || /vʲ/ || V || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''v'''illage, e'''v'''e ||
|-
| bp || b || p || /bʲ/ || B Y || <AudioButton>phoneme_0062-02B2.mp3</AudioButton> || '''bea'''utiful ||
|-

| dt || d || t || /dʲ/ || ?? || <AudioButton>phoneme_0064-02B2.mp3</AudioButton> || '''de'''ar || /dʑ/ in other dialects*
|-
| gc || g || c || /ɟ/ || G Y || <AudioButton>phoneme_025F.mp3</AudioButton> || ar'''g'''ue ||
|-
| mb || m || b || /mʲ/ || M Y || <AudioButton>phoneme_006D-02B2.mp3</AudioButton> || '''m'''ute ||
|-
| nd || n || d || /nʲ/ || N Y || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || si'''ne'''w, mi'''ni'''on ||
|-
| ng || n || g || /ŋ/ || NG || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || wi'''ng''', thi'''ng''' ||
|}

== Sources ==
*Sounds & Spelling of Irish/Fuaimeanna agus Litriú na Gaeilge - https://drive.google.com/file/d/1iF6a4FZnBjuqhSATZkenr3PthdyiN18E/view
*Wikipedia:
**https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulster_Irish
**https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Irish
**https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_phonology
**https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet
*Valve Phoneme Tool - http://www.lagspike.com/valve-phoneme-tool

[[Category:Linguistics Database]]

Valve Phonemes

2018-12-07T10:47:00Z

The Proffessor: Protected "Valve Phonemes" ([Edit=⧼protect-level-edit_dept_linguistics⧽] (indefinite) [Move=⧼protect-level-edit_dept_linguistics⧽] (indefinite))

{{Under Construction}}

== Phoneme IDs ==

<div style="-moz-column-count:3;">
* 95 <sil>
* 97 aa2
* 98 b
* 100 d
* 101 ey
* 102 f
* 103 g
* 104 hh
* 105 iy
* 106 y
* 107 c
* 108 l
* 109 m
* 110 n
* 111 ow
* 112 p
* 114 r2
* 115 s
* 116 t
* 117 uw
* 118 v
* 119 w
* 122 z
* 230 ae
* 240 dh
* 331 nx
* 593 aa
* 596 ao
* 601 ax
* 602 er
* 603 eh
* 604 ax2
* 605 er2
* 609 g2
* 614 hh2
* 616 ih2
* 618 ih
* 619 l2
* 633 r
* 635 r3
* 638 d2
* 643 sh
* 650 uh
* 652 ah
* 658 zh
* 676 jh
* 679 ch
* 952 th
</div>

[[Category:Linguistics Database]]

Category:Linguistics Database

2018-12-07T10:46:43Z

The Proffessor: Protected "Category:Linguistics Database" ([Edit=⧼protect-level-edit_dept_linguistics⧽] (indefinite) [Move=⧼protect-level-edit_dept_linguistics⧽] (indefinite))

Category:Pronunciation Database

2018-12-07T09:32:40Z

The Proffessor: Created blank page

2018-07-18T08:42:07Z

The Proffessor:

{{Under Construction}}

== Introduction ==

Irish letters are classified into 2 distinct groups, referred to as '''broad''' and '''slender'''.
*The broad (velarized) consonants b, c, f, g, m can sound as if they’re being followed by a very subtle “w”.
*Slender (palatalized) consonants can sound as if they’re followed by a slight “y”.

Determining the correct group:
*Of the vowels, a, o, and u are always broad, whereas e and i are always slender.
*Consonants vary based on which group the closest vowel is in.
**Examples: tae (‘t’ is broad), te (‘t’ is slender), taistil (the first ‘t’ is broad; ‘s’, the second ‘t’ and ‘l’ are all slender).
*The vowels on either side of a consonant, or group of consonants, must both be slender or both be broad.
**Examples: déanfaidh, rithfidh, leabharlann, páirceanna, cupán, cipín, madra, maidrín.
**Note: There are some rare exceptions, such as anseo; ansin.

== Vowels ==

{|class="prettytable" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"
|-
! style="width:25pt;" | Letter
! style="width:25pt;" | IPA
! style="width:40pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:5pt;" | EX
! style="width:100pt;" | Phonetic Example
|-
| a || /a/ || AA || <AudioButton>phoneme_0061.mp3</AudioButton> || f'''a'''ther, sp'''a'''
|-
| á || /ɑ:/ || AO || <AudioButton>phoneme_0061-02D0.mp3</AudioButton> || c'''a'''ll, f'''a'''r
|-
| e || /ɛ/ || EH || <AudioButton>phoneme_025B.mp3</AudioButton> || t'''e'''ll, g'''e'''t
|-
| é || /e:/ || EY || <AudioButton>phoneme_0065-02D0.mp3</AudioButton> || b'''ai'''t, p'''a'''y
|-
| i || /ɪ/ || IH || <AudioButton>phoneme_026A.mp3</AudioButton> || '''i'''n, h'''i'''t
|-
| í || /i:/ || IY || <AudioButton>phoneme_0069-02D0.mp3</AudioButton> || tr'''ee''', m'''ea'''n, h'''e'''
|-
| o || /ɔ/ || AH || <AudioButton>phoneme_0254.mp3</AudioButton> || t'''u'''g, w'''o'''nder
|-
| ó || /o:/ || OW || <AudioButton>phoneme_006F-02D0.mp3</AudioButton> || r'''o'''ll, t'''o'''e, r'''o'''ad
|-
| u || /ʌ/ || UH || <AudioButton>phoneme_028C.mp3</AudioButton> || g'''u'''t, f'''u'''n
|-
| ú || /u:/ || UW || <AudioButton>phoneme_0075-02D0.mp3</AudioButton> || t'''oo''', r'''u'''de
|}

== Vowel Combinations ==

Note that some combinations are not consistent, and vary in pronunciation based on the word.

{|class="prettytable" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"
|-
! style="width:25pt;" | Letters
! style="width:25pt;" | IPA
! style="width:40pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:5pt;" | EX
! style="width:100pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:300pt;" | Notes
|-
| ae || /e/ || ?? || <AudioButton>phoneme_.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| ao || /i/ || IY || <AudioButton>phoneme_0069.mp3</AudioButton> || tr'''ee''', m'''ea'''n, h'''e''' ||
|-
| aoi || /i/ || IY || <AudioButton>phoneme_0069.mp3</AudioButton> || tr'''ee''', m'''ea'''n, h'''e''' ||
|-
| rowspan="4" | ea || /ᴂ/ || ?? || <AudioButton>phoneme_.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| /a/ || AA || <AudioButton>phoneme_0061.mp3</AudioButton> || f'''a'''ther, sp'''a''' ||
|-
| /ja/ || ?? || <AudioButton>phoneme_.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| /iɑ:/ || ?? || <AudioButton>phoneme_.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| ei || /ɛ/ || EH || <AudioButton>phoneme_025B.mp3</AudioButton> || t'''e'''ll, g'''e'''t ||
|-
| eo || /o/ || ?? || <AudioButton>phoneme_.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| ia || /iə/ || ?? || <AudioButton>phoneme_.mp3</AudioButton> || id'''ea''' ||
|-
| io || /ɪ/ || IH || <AudioButton>phoneme_026A.mp3</AudioButton> || '''i'''n, h'''i'''t ||
|-
| oi || /ɪ/ || IH || <AudioButton>phoneme_026A.mp3</AudioButton> || '''i'''n, h'''i'''t ||
|-
| ua || /uə/ || ?? || <AudioButton>phoneme_.mp3</AudioButton> || tr'''ua'''nt ||
|-
| ui || /ɪ/ || IH || <AudioButton>phoneme_026A.mp3</AudioButton> || '''i'''n, h'''i'''t ||
|-
| -(e)adh || /u/ || ?? || <AudioButton>phoneme_.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | -faidh || /i/ || IY || <AudioButton>phoneme_0069.mp3</AudioButton> || tr'''ee''', m'''ea'''n, h'''e''' ||
|-
| /ɪ/ || IH || <AudioButton>phoneme_026A.mp3</AudioButton> || '''i'''n, h'''i'''t ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | -fidh || /i/ || IY || <AudioButton>phoneme_0069.mp3</AudioButton> || tr'''ee''', m'''ea'''n, h'''e''' ||
|-
| /ɪ/ || IH || <AudioButton>phoneme_026A.mp3</AudioButton> || '''i'''n, h'''i'''t ||
|}

== Standard Consonants ==

{|class="prettytable" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"
|-
! colspan="6" | Broad Consonants
|-
! style="width:25pt;" | Letter
! style="width:25pt;" | IPA
! style="width:40pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:5pt;" | EX
! style="width:100pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:300pt;" | Notes
|-
| b || /bˠ/ || B || <AudioButton>phoneme_0062-02E0.mp3</AudioButton> || '''b'''room, '''b'''oy ||
|-
| c || /k/ || K || <AudioButton>phoneme_006B.mp3</AudioButton> || '''c'''ut, '''k'''ey ||
|-
| d || /d̪ˠ/ || D || <AudioButton>phoneme_0064-032A-02E0.mp3</AudioButton> || '''d'''o, un'''d'''er ||
|-
| f || /fˠ/ || F || <AudioButton>phoneme_0066-02E0.mp3</AudioButton> || el'''f''', '''f'''ool ||
|-
| g || /ɡ/ || G || <AudioButton>phoneme_0261.mp3</AudioButton> || '''g'''oo, e'''gg''' ||
|-
| h || /h/ || HH || <AudioButton>phoneme_0068.mp3</AudioButton> || '''h'''oney, '''h'''ello || Neither broad nor slender
|-
| l || /l̪ˠ/; /l/ || L || <AudioButton>phoneme_006C-032A-02E0.mp3</AudioButton> || fi'''l'''th, wi'''ll''' || occasionally /l/, which is considered neither broad nor slender
|-
| ll || /l̪ˠ/ || ?? || <AudioButton>phoneme_006C-032A-02E0.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| m || /mˠ/ || M || <AudioButton>phoneme_006D-02E0.mp3</AudioButton> || '''m'''oo, wo'''m'''an ||
|-
| n || /n̪ˠ/; /n/ || N || <AudioButton>phoneme_006E-032A-02E0.mp3</AudioButton> || '''n'''ot, u'''n'''der || occasionally /n/, which is considered neither broad nor slender
|-
| p || /pˠ/ || P || <AudioButton>phoneme_0070-02E0.mp3</AudioButton> || s'''p'''an, sto'''p''' ||
|-
| r || /ɾˠ/ || R || <AudioButton>phoneme_027E-02E0.mp3</AudioButton> || '''r'''ule (but tapped) || always broad word-initially; always broad in rd, rl, rn, rr, rs, rt, rth, sr
|-
| s || /sˠ/ || S || <AudioButton>phoneme_0073-02E0.mp3</AudioButton> || '''s'''oon, ea'''s'''t ||
|-
| t || /t̪ˠ/ || T || <AudioButton>phoneme_0074-032A-02E0.mp3</AudioButton> || s'''t'''and (but dental) ||
|-
| v || /w/ || W || <AudioButton>phoneme_0077.mp3</AudioButton> || '''w'''ood, '''w'''ater || loan consonant; /vˠ/ in other dialects*
|-
| z || /zˠ/ || ?? || <AudioButton>phoneme_007A-02E0.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? || loan consonant
|-
! colspan="6" | Slender Consonants
|-
! style="width:25pt;" | Letter
! style="width:25pt;" | IPA
! style="width:40pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:5pt;" | EX
! style="width:100pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:300pt;" | Notes
|-
| b || /bʲ/ || B Y || <AudioButton>phoneme_0062-02B2.mp3</AudioButton> || '''bea'''utiful ||
|-
| c || /c/ || K Y || <AudioButton>phoneme_0063.mp3</AudioButton> || s'''k'''ew, '''c'''ucumber ||
|-

| d || /dʲ/ || ?? || <AudioButton>phoneme_0064-02B2.mp3</AudioButton> || '''de'''ar || /dʑ/ in other dialects*
|-
| f || /fʲ/ || F Y || <AudioButton>phoneme_0066-02B2.mp3</AudioButton> || '''fu'''el, '''fu'''tile ||
|-
| g || /ɟ/ || G Y || <AudioButton>phoneme_025F.mp3</AudioButton> || ar'''gu'''e ||
|-
| h || /h/ || HH || <AudioButton>phoneme_0068.mp3</AudioButton> || '''h'''oney, '''h'''ello || Neither broad nor slender
|-
| l || /lʲ/ || L Y || <AudioButton>phoneme_006C-02B2.mp3</AudioButton> || mi'''lli'''on, wi'''ll y'''ou ||
|-
| ll || /lʲ/; /l̪ʲ/ || ?? || <AudioButton>phoneme_006C-02B2.mp3</AudioButton> || ?? || occasionally /l̪ʲ/
|-
| m || /mʲ/ || M Y || <AudioButton>phoneme_006D-02B2.mp3</AudioButton> || '''mu'''te ||
|-
| n || /nʲ/ || N Y || <AudioButton>phoneme_006E-02B2.mp3</AudioButton> || si'''ne'''w, mi'''ni'''on ||
|-
| p || /pʲ/ || P Y || <AudioButton>phoneme_0070-02B2.mp3</AudioButton> || s'''pe'''w ||
|-
| r || /ɾʲ/ || R IY? || <AudioButton>phoneme_027E-02B2.mp3</AudioButton> || '''re'''al (but tapped) || always broad word-initially; always broad in rd, rl, rn, rr, rs, rt, rth, sr
|-
| s || /ɕ/ || SH || <AudioButton>phoneme_0283.mp3</AudioButton> || '''sh'''ip, wi'''sh''' || /ʃ/ in other dialects*
|-
| t || /tʲ/ || T || <AudioButton>phoneme_0074-02B2.mp3</AudioButton> || s'''t'''ew ||
|-
| v || /vʲ/ || V Y || <AudioButton>phoneme_0076-02B2.mp3</AudioButton> || '''vi'''ew || loan consonant
|-
| z || /ʑ/ || ZH || <AudioButton>phoneme_0292.mp3</AudioButton> || vi'''si'''on || loan consonant; /ʒ/ in other dialects*
|}

== Lenited Consonants ==

Lenition changes the sound of a letter by adding the letter "h". The consonant sound is then regarded as "softened".

{|class="prettytable" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"
|-
! colspan="6" | Lenited Broad Consonants
|-
! style="width:25pt;" | Letter
! style="width:25pt;" | IPA
! style="width:40pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:5pt;" | EX
! style="width:100pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:150pt;" | Notes
|-
| bh || /w/ || W || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''w'''ow, to'''w'''er ||
|-
| ch || /x/ || ?? || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || lo'''ch''' (Scottish), Na'''ch'''t (German) ||
|-
| dh || /ɣ/ || — || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || (no equivalent) || /ɣ/ word-initially; silent after a long vowel
|-
| fh || silent || <SIL> || — || (silent) ||
|-
| gh || /ɣ/ || — || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || (no equivalent) || /ɣ/ word-initially; silent after a long vowel
|-
| mh || /w/ || W || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''w'''ow, to'''w'''er ||
|-
| ph || /fˠ/ || F || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''f'''ollow, tele'''ph'''one ||
|-
| sh || /h/ || HH || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''h'''oney, '''h'''ello ||
|-
| th || /h/ || HH || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''h'''oney, '''h'''ello || Silent if at the end of a syllable
|-
! colspan="6" | Lenited Slender Consonants
|-
! style="width:25pt;" | Letter
! style="width:25pt;" | IPA
! style="width:40pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:5pt;" | EX
! style="width:100pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:150pt;" | Notes
|-
| bh || /vʲ/ || V || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''v'''illage, e'''v'''e ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | ch || /ç/ || ?? || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''h'''ue (pronounced strongly); ?? || used unless between vowels
|-
| /h/ || HH || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''h'''oney, '''h'''ello || only used between vowels
|-
| dh || /ʝ/ || Y || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''y'''ell, e'''y'''e? ||
|-
| fh || silent || <SIL> || — || (silent) ||
|-
| gh || /ʝ/ || Y || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''y'''ell, e'''y'''e? ||
|-
| mh || /vʲ/ || V || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''v'''illage, e'''v'''e ||
|-
| ph || /fʲ/ || ?? || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| sh || /h/ || HH || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''h'''oney, '''h'''ello ||
|-
| th || /h/ || HH || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''h'''oney, '''h'''ello || Silent if at the end of a syllable
|}

== Eclipsed Consonants ==

Eclipsis inserts a letter at the beginning of a word. This letter "eclipses", or supresses the existing first letter, so that only the new letter is pronounced.

{|class="prettytable" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"
|-
! colspan="8" | Eclipsed Broad Consonants
|-
! style="width:25pt;" | Letter
! style="width:25pt;" | Additive
! style="width:25pt;" | Original
! style="width:25pt;" | IPA
! style="width:40pt;" | Valve Phoneme
! style="width:5pt;" | EX
! style="width:100pt;" | Phonetic Example
! style="width:150pt;" | Notes
|-
| bhf || bh || f || /w/ || W || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''w'''ow, to'''w'''er ||
|-
| bp || b || p || /bˠ/ || B || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''b'''room, '''b'''oy ||
|-
| dt || d || t || /d̪ˠ/ || D || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''d'''o, un'''d'''er ||
|-
| gc || g || c || /ɡ/ || G || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''g'''oo, e'''gg''' ||
|-
| mb || m || b || /mˠ/ || M || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''m'''oo, wo'''m'''an ||
|-
| nd || n || d || /n̪ˠ/ || N || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''n'''ot, u'''n'''der || occasionally /nˠ/
|-
| ng || n || g || /ŋ/ || NG || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || wi'''ng''', thi'''ng''' ||
|-
! colspan="8" | Eclipsed Slender Consonants
|-
! Letter
! Additive
! Original
! IPA
! Valve Phoneme
! EX
! Phonetic Example
! Notes
|-
| bhf || bh || f || /vʲ/ || V || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || '''v'''illage, e'''v'''e ||
|-
| bp || b || p || /bʲ/ || ?? || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| dt || d || t || /dʑ/ || JH || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || fi'''dg'''et, fri'''dg'''e || /dʲ/ in other dialects
|-
| gc || g || c || /ɟ/ || ?? || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| mb || m || b || /mʲ/ || ?? || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || ?? ||
|-
| nd || n || d || /nʲ/ || N Y || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || si'''ne'''w, mi'''ni'''on ||
|-
| ng || n || g || /ŋ/ || NG || <AudioButton></AudioButton> || wi'''ng''', thi'''ng''' ||
|}

== Sources ==
*Sounds & Spelling of Irish/Fuaimeanna agus Litriú na Gaeilge - https://drive.google.com/file/d/1iF6a4FZnBjuqhSATZkenr3PthdyiN18E/view
*Wikipedia:
**https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulster_Irish
**https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Irish
**https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_phonology
**https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet
*Valve Phoneme Tool - http://www.lagspike.com/valve-phoneme-tool

[[Category:Linguistics Database]]